免疫检查点抑制剂在治疗黑色素瘤中的研究进展

Research Progress of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma Treatment

自二十世纪八十年代以来,恶性黑色素瘤的发病率一直在上升。目前,手术仍然是早期黑色素瘤最好的治疗方法,但黑色素瘤具有很强的远处转移能力,晚期预后差。黑色素瘤是最具免疫原性的肿瘤之一,它可以通过免疫检查点分子介导的免疫耐受机制逃避肿瘤免疫反应。在过去十年中,免疫检查点抑制剂(如Ipilimumab伊匹单抗和Nivolumab纳武单抗)广泛用于黑色素瘤治疗。目前免疫检查点抑制剂已成为晚期或转移性皮肤黑色素瘤患者的首选治疗方法,对免疫检查点抑制剂治疗有反应的黑色素瘤患者表现出长期缓解甚至疾病得到控制的状态。文章讨论了与黑色素瘤相关的免疫检查点及免疫检查点抑制剂在治疗黑色素瘤中的研究进展。

Incidence of malignant melanoma has been increasing since the 1980 s. In the early stages,surgery is still the best treatment,However,melanoma has a high potential of distant metastasis and prognosis of advanced stages is still very poor. Melanoma is one of the most immunogenic tumors. It can be escaped tumor immune response through immune checkpoint molecule mediated immune tolerance molecules. Immune checkpoint inhibitors( such as Ipilimumab and Nivolumab),which are broadly applied for melanoma treatment in the past decade,have become the preferred approach for patients with advanced or metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Patients responding to the immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment have showed long-lasting remission or disease control status. The research progress of immune checkpoints and immune checkpoints inhibitors in the treatment of melanoma are discussed in this article.