使用生物测试方法评价水质毒性的研究进展

Research progress of aquatic toxicity evaluation using bioassays

生物测试方法包括体外生物测试与体内生物测试,是水质毒性评价中的重要手段。综述了常用于水质毒性评价的体外和体内生物测试方法。针对体外生物测试,介绍了细胞毒性与遗传毒性实验的方法及应用现状,并着重论述了重组受体报告基因法的生物活性终点种类和效应触发值;针对体内生物测试方法,阐述了体内实验的受试生物种类、毒性测试方法与毒性终点判断。在此基础上,比较了体外生物测试和体内生物测试的优缺点,并对生物测试应用于水质毒性评价的未来研究方法提出了建议,旨在为今后生物测试方法在水质毒性评价中的应用及相关标准制定提供参考。

Bioassays,including in vitro and in vivo bioassays,are important methods for aquatic toxicity evaluation.The in vitro and in vivo bioassay methods commonly used in aquatic toxicity evaluation were reviewed.In regard to in vitro bioassays,the methods and the application of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays were briefly introduced and the bioactivity endpoints and effect-based trigger values of reporter gene assays were expounded detailedly.For in vivo bioassays,the subject organisms,methods of toxicity assays and toxicity endpoints were discussed.Based on these,the merits and demerits of in vitro and in vivo bioassays were compared and the future development of bioa-ssays were suggested,aiming to provide reference for the future research and standard setting on aquatic toxicity eva-lation by bioassays.