2015—2020年杭州市献血人群HIV感染情况

HIV infection status of blood donors in Hangzhou,2015-2020

目的了解2015—2020年杭州市献血人群HIV感染特征,为血液安全提供参考。方法将2015—2020年浙江省血液中心收集的杭州市献血者纳入研究,采集血液样本后采用2个不同厂家ELISA试剂检测HIV抗体,比较2种试剂的检测吸光度值与cut off的比值(COI值),核酸扩增技术检测HIV RNA。分析判定为HIV感染者的性别、年龄、文化程度、献血次数、性行为等特征。结果检测样本数为1063980份,来自901586名献血者,共检测出HIV阳性138例,检测阳性率为1.53/万,6年间HIV阳性率呈下降趋势(χ^(2)趋势=11.457,P<0.05)。献血人群HIV感染者主要为男性(93.48%)、首次献血者(66.67%),为25~34周岁居多(39.86%)。2个不同厂家ELISA试剂能有效检出135例HIV感染,但发现3例献血者样本HIV抗体阴性、RNA阳性,在2~4周后均显示HIV抗体阳性。结论杭州市献血人群HIV感染率较低,感染者以男性居多。献血人群中存在HIV血清学检测窗口期样本,需引起重视。

Objective To understand HIV infection status and characteristics of blood donors in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2020.Methods Blood donors of Hangzhou from the Blood Center of Zhejiang Province during 2015 and 2020 were enrolled in this study.After blood samples were collected,two different ELISA kits were used to detect HIV antibody.The detection absorbance value/cut off ratio(COI values)of the two reagents were compared.Nucleic acid amplification technology was used to detect HIV RNA.The characteristics of gender,age,education level,blood donation times and sexual behavior among HIV cases were analyzed.Results A total of 1063980 samples were detected from 901586 individuals,and 138 individuals were HIV positive with the positive rate of 1.53/10000.The positive rate of HIV showed a downward trend in the past six years(χ^(2)trend=11.457,P<0.05).The main HIV-infected blood donors were males(93.48%),first-time blood donors(66.67%),and at 25-34 years old(39.86%).There were 135 HIV-infected individuals detected by ELISA reagents from two different manufacturers.Three individuals were HIV antibody negative and RNA positive,and they were HIV antibody positive after 2-4 weeks by further follow-up.Conclusions The HIV infection rate of blood donors is low in Hangzhou,and most of the HIV-infected individuals are males.It should be paid attention to window period samples using serological test for HIV detection in the blood donors.