我国作物秸秆资源时空变化特征及其影响因素分析

Temporal and spatial patterns of crop straw resources and their influencing factors in China

厘清农作物秸秆的时空变化特征,对秸秆资源高效利用和国家种植结构调整的宏观决策具有重要参考意义。本研究基于国家统计年鉴资料,整理了我国近20年(1999—2018)31个省(直辖市、自治区)的作物产量及草谷比,分析了农作物播种面积和秸秆资源量的时空分布特征,探讨其关键影响因素。结果表明,我国水稻、小麦、玉米和大豆的秸秆量占全国秸秆资源总量的82.3%88.3%,而谷子、油料作物、经济作物等其它作物的秸秆资源占比11.7%17.7%。不同秸秆资源的主要分布区域差异较大,水稻、小麦和大豆秸秆资源分别主要分布在长江中下游、华北和东北地区;玉米秸秆资源主要分布在华北和东北地区。近20年来水稻播种面积占比基本稳定在25%左右;小麦播种面积从1999年的23.1%降低到2018年的18.7%,但玉米播种面积从1999年的20.8%增加到2018年的32.5%。水稻、玉米和大豆的秸秆资源量主要受播种面积的影响,但小麦秸秆资源量变化受其影响较小。因此,在优化秸秆资源高效利用时,应该充分考虑东北、华北和长江中下游地区种植结构调整与秸秆资源利用技术推广。

Clarifying the characteristics of the temporal and spatial changes in crop straw is of great significance to make the macro decision on the efficient use of straw resources and adjust the national planting structure adjustment.Based on the data from the National Statistical Yearbook,this study analyzed the main crop yields and grass-to-grain ratios from 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions),and investigated the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of crop sown area and straw resources and the associated main influencing factors during the past 20 years(1999-2018)in China.Results showed that rice,wheat,corn and soybean straw resources altogther accounted for 82.3%-88.3%of the national total straw amount,while other crops including millet,oil crops and cash crop straw resources accounted for 11.7%-17.7%.The main distribution of different straw resources were inconsistent across regions.Rice,wheat and soybean straw resources were mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,north China and northeast China,respectively.Corn straw resources were mainly distributed in north China and northeast China.In the past 20 years,the proportion of rice sown area remained stable at about 25%.The sown area of wheat decreased from 23.1%in 1999 to 18.7%in 2018,while the corn sown area increased from 20.8%in 1999 to 32.5%in 2018.The amounts of rice,corn,and soybean straw were positively correlated with their corresponding sown area.However,wheat straw was not related to its sown area.Overall,this study suggested that crop structure adjustment and straw resource utilization technology promotion in northeast China,north China,and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River should be taken full consideration when optimizing the efficient use of national straw resources.