农户有机肥施用意愿与行为悖离原因何在——基于对黑龙江省的调查

Reasons behind the paradox between farmers’willingness and their behaviors of applying organic fertilizer:A case study of Heilongjiang Province

引导农户持续施用有机肥对土壤改良、环境改善、推进农业绿色发展最终实现乡村生态振兴具有重要意义。基于对黑龙江省农户的调查数据,采用Logistic回归模型实证检验影响农户有机肥施用意愿与行为悖离的因素,采用解释结构模型(ISM)分析各影响因素之间的逻辑层次关系。结果表明:73%的农户存在有机肥施用意愿与行为悖离;年龄、经营耕地规模对农户有机肥施用意愿与行为悖离有显著正向影响,受教育程度、农业收入占比、是否加入农民专业合作社、是否担任村干部、有机肥的可获得性、有机肥施用政策认知、化肥施用危害认知有显著负向影响;年龄、受教育程度、农业收入占比、经营耕地规模、是否加入农民专业合作社和是否担任村干部是影响农户有机肥施用与行为悖离的深层根本原因,并通过有机肥的可获得性导致农户有机肥施用政策认知和化肥施用危害认知存在差异,进而最终导致农户有机肥施用意愿与行为相悖离。因此,从政府、市场、农户三个维度提出提高有机肥施用广度与深度、提高有机肥的供给能力、提高农户绿色生产认知能力等政策建议。

It is of great significance to guide farmers to continuously apply organic fertilizer for soil improvement,environmental improvement,promoting the green development of agriculture and finally realizing the revitalization of rural ecology.Based on a survey data in Heilongjiang Province,this paper empirically tested the factors that affect the paradox between farmers’willingness and their behaviors of applying organic fertilizer by the logistic regression model and analyzed the logical relationship among different factors by the interpretative structural model(ISM).Results show that 73%of those surveyed farmers had the paradox between farmers’willingness and their behaviors of applying organic fertilizer.Some significantly positive influencing factors include the age and the scale of cultivated land,and some significantly negative influencing factors include the education level,the proportion of agricultural income,whether to join farmers’professional cooperatives,whether to serve as the village leaders,the availability of organic fertilizer,the cognition of the application policy of organic fertilizer,and the cognition of the harm caused by the application of chemical fertilizer.Among these factors,age,education level,the proportion of agricultural income,scale of cultivated land,whether to join farmers’professional cooperatives and whether to serve as the village leaders are the deeper reasons causing the conflict between farmers’willingness and their behaviors of applying organic fertilizer.The availability of organic fertilizer leads to differences in the cognition of the application policy of organic fertilizer and the cognition of the harm,which ultimately lead to the paradox between farmers’willingness and their behaviors of applying organic fertilizer.Therefore,from the three dimensions of government,market and farmers,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions,including improving the application range and depth of organic fertilizer,enhancing the supply capacity of organic fertilizer,and increasing the cognitive capacity of green production of farmers.