古印度的句义论与古希腊的范畴论

The Theory of Padqrtha in Ancient India and the Theory of Category in Ancient Greece

古印度和古希腊都是世界文明古国,且两地的哲学也是东西方文化中的瑰宝。其中,印度的句义论和希腊的范畴论则是两地古代哲学形态中引人瞩目的理论。这两种理论在很多方面有相似之处,较明显的相似点是二者都对事物本身及其属性和状态等作了明确的区分,并将实体作为句义或范畴的基础;较明显的差别点是胜论派所说句义的含义与亚里士多德所说范畴的含义不同。胜论派在实句义外设立的句义与亚里士多德在实体外设立的范畴有对应的,也有不对应的。古印度的句义论和古希腊的范畴论之间是否会有一方借鉴吸收另一方的可能?根据现有材料无法作出完全肯定或完全否定的论断,但出现两处哲人不约而同各自独立提出相似理论的情况,可能性更大一些。

Ancient India and Greece are countries with ancient civilization in the world.Their philosophies are the treasures in Eastern and Western cultures.The theory of padqrtha in India and the theory of category in Greece are the remarkable theories in ancient philosophy.There are quite a few of similar respects in these two theories.The obvious similarity is that both make a clear distinction between things and their properties and states,and take substance as the basis for padqrtha or category.The obvious difference is that the meaning of padqrtha in Vaishesika is different from the meaning of category in Aristotle.For some of Vaishesika’s padqrtha outside the meaning of substance-although not all of them-we can find counterparts in the categories established by Aristotle outside the meaning of substance.Had the ancient Indian theory of padqrtha drawn upon the ancient Greek theory of category,or the latter had learnt anything from the former?It is impossible to make a completely positive or negative conclusion based on the available materials.More likely,they were similar theories created independently.