流动人口就业的影响因素及与主观幸福感之关系——基于分层模型的实证分析

On the Relationship between Employment Situation and Subjective Well-being of Floating Population:An Empirical Analysis Based on a Hierarchical Model

基于流动人口动态监测调查数据,考虑到中国二元劳动力市场的特殊性,将流动人口的就业状况分为体制外就业、体制内就业和未就业三种类型,从家庭庇护、体制庇护和工作家庭冲突视角,利用分层模型研究流动人口就业状况及其与主观幸福感之关系,其结果发现:在婚、家庭化流动和家庭经济状况较好的流动人口更可能退出或不参加劳动力市场,女性在此方面表现得尤其明显;未就业和体制内就业流动人口主观幸福感要高于体制外就业者;长时间加班导致的工作家庭冲突,是不同就业状况流动人口主观幸福感差异的中介机制。有鉴于此,建议有关方面采取措施逐步消除劳动力市场分割,加强对体制外就业的劳动保护,构建规范和谐的劳动关系;同时,完善流动人口家庭化流动的服务政策体系,为流动人口家庭化流动创造便利条件,将性别因素纳入公共政策制定的考量范畴,以进一步促进经济社会中的两性平等。

Based on the dynamic monitoring data of floating population and the particularity of the China’s dual labor market,this thesis divides floating population into three types:employment within the system,employment outside the system and unemployment.From the perspectives of family patronage,institutional patronage and the conflict between work and family,we use a hierarchical model to study the relationship between employment situation and subjective well-being of floating population.The result shows that the floating population of being married,with family mobility and better family economic conditions is more likely to leave the labor market,especially for women.The subjective well-being of the unemployed and the employed within the system is higher than those employed outside the system.The work-family conflict caused by overtime work is an intermediary mechanism for the difference in subjective well-being of floating population in different employment situations.On that account,this thesis suggests that the government take measures to gradually eliminate labor market segmentation,strengthen labor protection for those employed outside the system,and build standardized and harmonious labor relations.At the same time,we shall also improve the service policy system,create convenient conditions for the family mobility of floating population and incorporate gender factors into the considerations of public policy formulation to promote gender equality in the economy and society.