水药一体化膜下滴灌对玉米生长和除草剂残留的影响研究

Effects of Integrated Drip Irrigation with Water and Herbicide on Corn Growth and Herbicide Residue

通过三种滴灌带长度和两种施药方式(连续施药、周期施药)及不施药(NA)条件下大田玉米膜下滴灌试验,分析了滴灌带长度及施药方式玉米叶面积指数、产量等及不同土层深度农药残留量的影响,结果表明:水药(除草剂)一体化滴灌能够有效除草,提高玉米产量;施用除草剂后,连续施药处理下的玉米叶面积指数、产量及双穗率相较于周期施药和不施药处理来说明显较高;整体来说,在施药总量一定时,施药结束的一个月后,乙草胺在不同深度土层中的残留量随着土层深度的增加先增加后减小,其中连续施药的总残留量最少。两种处理施药一个月后乙草胺残留量均小于1%,可以认为其不会对周围环境产生污染;滴灌带长度为20m时,各施药方式下玉米产量最大,叶面积指数较大且除草剂残留较少,20m长为滴灌带较适宜的长度。

In order to analyze the effects of three drip irrigation tape lengths,two application modes(Continuous application,Periodic application)and no application(NA)on corn leaf area index(LAI),yield and herbicide residues in different soil depths,field corn drip irrigation experiments were conducted.The results showed that the integrated drip irrigation with water and herbicide could effectively cut weeds and increase yields.Under continuous application(CA),the measured increment of leaf area index was significantly higher than that under periodic application(PA)and no application(NA).In general,when the total amount of application was constant,one month after the end of application,the residues of acetochlor in soil layers of different depths first increased and then decreased with the increase of soil depth,and the total residual amount of continuous application was the least.The herbicide residues of the three application methods were all less than 1%after 30 days,so it was considered that there would be no impact on the environment,which confirmed the feasibility of drip irrigation application.When the length of drip irrigation tape was 20 m,the corn yield was the largest,leaf area index was larger,and herbicide residue was less,so 20 m length could be considered as the suitable length of drip irrigation tape.It is suggested that the 20 m length drip irrigation tape for the herbicide application is better.