基于大数据的城市街道活力影响因素定量分析

Quantified Analysis on Affecting Factors of Urban Street Vigor Based on Big-Data

基于已有“街道城市主义”研究中以街道为个体的城市空间分析、统计和模拟的框架体系,论文以大数据分析为手段,以贵阳市老城区核心区域街道为样本,运用街道活力定量评价的指标体系,分别探索公共服务性街道、商业性街道、居住性街道、交通性街道和混合性街道活力的外在表征,研究各类街道活力构成因素的量化关系。研究数据表明,与行政中心、商业中心、学校、公园等高频使用公共服务设施的关联距离和街道功能密度是影响街道活力的主要因素,其中与商业中心的关联度及距离是对各类街道活力影响最大的因素。此外,研究发现一个有悖于直观判断的结果,南明河对于研究范围内的街道活力具有抑制作用。

Unlike roads,which emphasize traffic capacity,streets emphasize communication and recreation.Street environment also plays a decisive role in the quality of life and comfort of urban residents.Walking is one of the most basic behaviors of human beings since walking upright.However,with the continuous progress of urbanization in China,the number of roads dominated by car behavior is increasing,the number of streets providing pedestrian recreation for residents is decreasing,which leads to the decrease of convenience and risk of residents’life and the decrease of street vitality.Based on the theoretical basis of urban streetism and referring to the research method of quantitative evaluation of street vitality and analysis of influencing factors,taking Chengdu as an example by Long Ying and Zhou Yin,this paper selects the old urban area of Guiyang,which is quite different from Chengdu in terms of topography and socio-economic development To explore the influencing factors of street vitality in western mountainous cities.Combined with the spatial characteristics of the old urban area of Guiyang,this study added commercial facilities,educational facilities,mountain green space and city river and other related factors in the construction of the evaluation index system,trying to study the degree of correlation between street vitality and the public service facilities and open space frequently used by urban residents,Evaluation factors can be added to open the link.By means of big data analysis and taking the streets in the core area of the old urban area of Guiyang City as samples,this paper explores the external representation of the vitality of public service streets,commercial streets,residential streets,traffic streets and mixed streets respectively by using the index system of quantitative evaluation of street vitality,and studies the quantitative relationship between the constituent factors of all kinds of street vitality.The results show that:1)the nearest distance to the administrative center,commercial center,school and park and the functional density of the street are the main factors affecting the vitality of the street;2)The main influencing factors of different types of streets are different.For example,public service streets are the most sensitive to the distance from the nearest“connection”(the road section is the optional connection path to the commercial center);3)The vitality of commercial streets is greatly affected by the nearest distance to the administrative center,commercial center,school and park,among which the nearest distance to the commercial center is the most sensitive;4)Residential streets are greatly affected by the nearest distance to the administrative center,commercial center and park and the function density,among which the nearest distance to the commercial center is the most sensitive;5)Traffic streets are not affected by the function mix degree and the nearest distance to Nanming River,but they are not sensitive to other vitality factors;6)Mixed streets are most sensitive to the nearest distance to the commercial center.In practice,in addition to the limited factors of Administrative Center campus and Natural River,it is an effective way to improve the street vitality by increasing the function density and function mixing degree of the streets for all streets.For residential,commercial and public service streets,in addition to the functional density and functional mixing degree,the ecological transformation of negative space can effectively improve its vitality by increasing the green space of the city,such as Corner Park.For traffic streets,not only the density of bus stops should be increased,but also the function mixing degree of the streets will have a good effect on the street vitality.In addition,the density of bus stops has little influence on the vitality of all types of streets.So other means can be tried to improve the vitality of urban streets from the traffic level,such as building a slow-moving system in the city,and improving the continuity,diversity and safety of pedestrian environment.It is necessary to point out that the nearest distance from Nanming River has no influence on the vitality of traffic and mixed streets,but also has a restraining effect on the vitality of Public Service Street,commercial street and residential street.This is contrary to intuitive judgment.Nanming River is the urban water system of old Guiyang City,and the historical protection building Jiaxiu building is located on it.As an important resource of human settlements,the street vitality should be actively promoted.However,according to the research results of this paper,Nanming River has not played an appropriate role in the old Guiyang city.The author has found that the reasons are lack of hydrophilicity and accessibility of riverbank,monotonous ecological landscape and deterioration of water body.The results can provide useful references for the treatment of human settlements in the surrounding areas of Nanming River.