对20种海水珍珠和淡水珍珠的化学成分的初步对比研究

Comparative Study on Chemical Compositions of 20 Species of Sea Water Pearls and Fresh Water Pearls

作者采集了分别产于中国、日本、菲律宾、澳大利亚和大溪地的8种海水珍珠,以及产于中国的12种淡水珍珠,并使用X射线粉末衍射法、氨基酸分析法、原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对珍珠进行分析测定。结果:这20种珍珠的物相简单,主要由文石组成,仅含少量的方解石,并且它们之间的物相组成无明显的差别,难以通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分析技术加以鉴别。各种淡水珍珠之间的总氨基酸含量差别不大;但海水珍珠之间的总氨基酸含量有明显的差别,这可能是由于不同的海水珍珠品种和不同的养殖工艺造成的。与淡水珍珠相比,海水珍珠含有更多的钠、钾、镁、锌、锶微量元素。而淡水珍珠反而含有较多的锰微量元素。其它微量元素铁、汞、锂、硒、砷和硫的含量,在海水珍珠和淡水珍珠之间无明显差异。各种珍珠的微量元素钠、钾、镁、铁、锰、锌、汞、锂、锶、硒、砷、硫的含量与其品种基本无关,但很可能与其生长的水环境有关。采用F检验法,结果表明钠、钾、镁、锌、锶、锰在海水珍珠和淡水珍珠中含量的差异具有显著性。结论:可基于测定分析微量元素钠、钾、镁、锌、锶、锰含量的显著性差异性来建立对海水珍珠和淡水珍珠的鉴别方法。

The authors collected 8 species of sea water pearls cultured in China,Japan,the Philippines,Australia and Tahiti,respectively,and 12 species of fresh water pearls cultured in China.X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),amino acid analysis,atomic fluorescence spectrometry,and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were applied to detect the pearls.The results indicate that all the pearls showed simple and similar phase components,consisted mostly of aragonite with a little calcite,and were difficult to be identified with XRD technique because of no obvious differences in the phase components among them.No significant differences could be found in the total amino acid content among different species of fresh water pearls;but obvious differences could be found in total amino acid content among different species of sea water pearls,probably due to the species differences and culture technique of seawater pearls.Compared to the fresh water pearls,the sea water pearls were relatively rich in Na,K,Mg,Zn,and Sr.And the fresh water pearls contained more Mn.Other trace elements such as Fe,Hg,Li,Se,As,and S showed no significant differences between sea water pearls and fresh water pearls.The contents of Na,K,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn,Hg,Li,Sr,Se,As,and S in all pearl species showed irrelevant with pearl species,but are probably related to the water environments where they grew.The results by F-test method indicate that the contents of Na,K,Mg,Zn,Sr,and Mn showed significant differences between sea water pearls and fresh water pearls.Conclusion:an identification method for sea water pearls and fresh water pearls can be established based on determination and analysis of the significant differences in the contents of Na,K,Mg,Zn,Sr and Mn among species.