“地方性知识”视域与先秦诸子哲学起源---战国诸子至汉代史家的第一次研究思潮

The Perspective of“Local Knowledge”and the Origin of Philosophy of the Pre Qin Dynasty--The First Thoughts of Historians from the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty

先秦诸子哲学起源问题的第一次研究思潮,以《庄子·天下篇》《荀子·非十二子篇》《汉书·艺文志》为代表文献,是战国至汉代哲学家、思想家一种自觉的学术反思。他们的共同之处或者说突出特点在于:将先秦诸子的问题意识植根于春秋时代的文化传统与思想世界之中,在中国哲学自身的思想轨道中进行探讨,更具有学理上的“纯粹性”与“地方性”。这种“地方性知识”视域,其要义是对先秦诸子哲学起源问题进行动态的、历史的、传统的考察,展现于历史维度与时代维度之中,历史维度是指《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》传统在春秋时代经历的“重构”或“阐释”;时代维度是指这种传统成为春秋时代精神最为重要的思想资源和文化底色。在“地方性知识”视域中探讨先秦诸子哲学的起源,应注意三个问题:其一,春秋时代礼乐传统的“地方性”,是先秦诸子哲学发源的根基;其二,抉发先秦诸子哲学的思想原创性,防止陷入“格义式论证”的陷阱;其三,彰显先秦诸子哲学对人类贡献的普遍性智慧与世界性意义。

The first research trend on the origin of philosophy of pre Qin philosophers, represented by Zhuangzi Tianxia,Xunzi Feishier and Hanshu Yiwenzhi,is a conscious academic reflection of philosophers and thinkers during the Qin and Han Dynasties.What they have in common or have outstanding characteristics is that the problem consciousness of the philosophers of pre Qin Dynasty is rooted in the cultural tradition and ideological world of the Spring and Autumn period, and discussed in the ideological track of Chinese philosophy itself, which is more "pure"and "local" in academic theory.The essence of this "local knowledge" perspective is to conduct a dynamic, historical and traditional investigation on the origin of pre Qin philosophers’ philosophy, which is displayed in the historical dimension and the time dimension.The historical dimension refers to the "reconstruction" or "interpretation" of the tradition of Shi,Shu,Li and Yue in the Spring and Autumn period;the time dimension refers to the fact that this tradition became the most important ideological resources and cultural background of the spirit in the Spring and Autumn period.On the origin of pre Qin philosophers’ philosophy from the perspective of "local knowledge",we should pay attention to three problems: firstly, "the local nature" of the ritual and music tradition in the Spring and Autumn period is the foundation of the origin of the pre Qin philosophy;secondly, it is to identify the originality of the pre Qin philosophy and prevent the fall into the trap of "demonstration of case meaning";thirdly, it is to highlight the universal wisdom of the pre Qin philosophy to human contribution wisdom and world significance.