儒学现代化的一个知识论范式--以戴震为中心

A Paradigm of Epistemology in the Modernization of Confucianism--Focus on Dai Zhen

在儒学现代化的进程中,宋明时期的程朱理学开始关注知识论问题。然而,在程朱形上学的知识论中,“人心”“物理”“天理”同构导致知识并未获得独立的价值地位。伴随着儒学现代化的推进,在戴震的知识论中,认知主体存在着一个由“精爽”进于“神明”的能力提升和扩展过程;认知对象体现为“物则”“分理”“条理”等形而下的客观物理;认知主体与认知对象之间存在着一个可知论的主客关系;认知主体通过对认知对象的精确审察,将最终获得“理义”的认知成果。戴震的知识论建构为儒学现代化提供了个案性的范式,在今天依然极富现代性的启发意义。

In the process of modernization of Confucianism, Cheng-Zhu Confucianism began to pay attention to epistemology.However, In Cheng-Zhu’s metaphysical epistemology, due to the isomorphism of "Human mind" "Physics" "Natural principle",knowledge is not given an independent value.Along with the modernization of Confucianism, in Dai Zhen’s epistemology, the cognitive subject’s ability will be improved and expanded from "Soul" to "God",and the cognitive object is embodied in the objective physics in the form of "rules","division" and "organization".There is an epistemological relationship between subject and object.Through the accurate examination of the cognitive object, the cognitive subject will finally obtain the cognitive results of "reason and meaning".Dai Zhen’s construction of epistemology provides a case paradigm for the modernization of Confucianism, which is still of great significance in our times.