梳齿式亚麻蒴果梳刷试验台的设计与试验

Design and test of comb-toothed test bed for flax capsule comb-brushing

【目的】探索解决亚麻(胡麻)脱粒机存在的植株缠绕脱粒滚筒问题的有效方案,提升亚麻(胡麻)的机械化收获水平.【方法】为研究不同工作参数对亚麻(胡麻)机械化收获的影响,设计了梳齿式亚麻(胡麻)蒴果梳刷试验台.阐述该试验台的工作原理与组成结构,对关键零部件偏心摆动机构和梳刷装置进行了结构设计与动力学分析,并进行台架试验.以蓝亚麻(别名宿根亚麻)为试验材料,以蒴果的脱净率和破损率为评价指标,探讨梳刷装置转速、梳齿截面形状、梳齿间隙、导轨输送速度4因素对蒴果的脱净率和破损率的影响,分别进行单因素试验与多因素正交试验研究,获得了梳齿式亚麻(胡麻)蒴果梳刷试验台的最优工作参数,并进行了试验验证.【结果】SAS9.1软件分析表明:梳齿间隙、梳齿截面形状、梳刷装置转速和导轨输送速度4因素对蒴果的脱净率和破损率的影响都极为显著.以蒴果的脱净率较大、破损率较小为目标,得到的较优参数组合为:梳齿间隙为4 mm、梳齿截面形状为菱形、梳刷装置转速为10 r/min和导轨输送速度为0.16 m/s.对优化结果进行试验验证,结果显示脱净率为99.26%,破损率为5.33%.各因素对脱净率的影响由大到小依次为梳齿间隙、梳齿截面形状、梳刷装置转速、导轨输送速度;对破损率的影响由大到小依次为导轨输送速度、梳齿截面形状、梳刷装置转速、梳齿间隙.【结论】蓝亚麻植株经过试验台的梳刷可得到完整蒴果,梳齿式亚麻(胡麻)蒴果梳刷试验台为亚麻(胡麻)脱粒机的创新设计提供了一种可行性方案和研究依据.

【Objective】In order to explore effective solution to the trouble of flax plant winding thresher machinery and improve the efficiency of mechanized harvesting of flax.【Method】The comb-tooth test bed for flax capsule comb-brushing was designed by determining the effect of different working parameters on flax harvesting.The working principle and structure of the test bed were described.The key components including eccentric swinging mechanism and comb-brush device were designed and analyzed,and meanwhile the bench test was carried out.With the blue flax as test materials,the rates of threshed and damaged capsules as evaluation index,the effects of the four factors(i.e.,the rotate speed of comb-brush device,section shape of the comb tooth,the comb-tooth clearance and the conveying speed of guide rail)on the rates of threshed and damaged capsules were determined through the single-factor and multifactor-orthogonal tests,optimizing working parameters of the comb-toothed test bed.And the results were further verified experimentally.【Result】The results showed that the effects of comb-tooth clearance,comb tooth section shape,rotate speed of comb brush device,conveying speed of guide rail on the threshed rate and damage rate were all of very significance.For larger rate of the threshed and smaller rate of the damaged,the optimal parameter combination was as following:4 mm of comb tooth clearance,diamond-shaped comb tooth section,10 r/min rotate speed of comb brush device,and 0.16 m/s conveying speed of guide rail.Through experimental verification with optimal parameter combination,it was showed that the threshed rate was 99.26%and the damaged rate was 5.33%.Influence amplitude of the four factors on the threshed rate decreased in the order of comb tooth clearance,comb tooth section shape,the rotate speed of comb brush device,and the conveying speed of guide rail,and their influence on the damaged rate decreased in the order of conveying speed of guide rail,comb tooth section shape,the rotate speed of comb brush device,and comb tooth clearance.【Conclusion】The complete blue flax capsules could be obtained through plants comb-brushing with the test bed,which provided a feasible scheme for innovative design of flax threshing machinery.