宅基地“三权分置”改革中资格权的入法探讨

Discussion on the System Design of the Qualification Right in the Reform of“Separation of Three Rights”in Homestead

宅基地“三权分置”的法律实现,关键在于资格权。资格权产生于宅基地所有权,在性质界定上存在“成员权说”“剩余权说”及“次级使用权说”等诸多学说,基于改革目标和农村土地权利体系的分析,宜将资格权界定为成员权的一类。资格权的入法,应注意:(1)资格权只需在具体制度上彰显其权利内容即可,无需新设权利名称;(2)权利主体属于集体经济组织成员,但需以“户”为单位实现;(3)资格权无需登记,但应在宅基地使用权登记的附注栏内进行标注。

The qualification right is the key to the legal realization of the“separation of three rights”in homestead.The qualification right comes from the ownership of homestead,which has many theories on the definition of it,such as“membership right theory”,“residual right theory”and“secondary use right theory”.Based on the analysis of reform goal and the system of rural land right,the qualification right should be defined as membership right.When the qualification right is introduced into the law,we should pay attention to the following aspects:First,the qualification right only needs to show its right content in the specific system,and there is no need to set up a new right name;second,the right subject belongs to the member of the collective economic organization,but it needs to be realized in the unit of“household”;third,it’s no need to be registered,but it should be marked in the note column of the registration of the homestead’s use right.