严寒地区城市公园人群冬夏两季热舒适差异性研究

Study on People's Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Public City Park of Severely Cold Regions in Summer and Winter

公园作为承载人们室外活动的主要场所,其热环境的舒适程度是影响公园空间利用率的关键因素,因此有必要对公园使用人群的热舒适性展开研究.本文通过对哈尔滨典型城市公园的气象参数实测和问卷调查,对比分析了公园空间热舒适的季节性特点,结果表明,哈尔滨夏冬两季的热感觉投票与PET均呈线性关系,夏季的中性PET值(20.0℃)明显高于冬季(13.2℃);夏冬两季的热舒适度与PET的回归曲线均为一次函数,夏季的舒适性PET值(12.8℃)明显低于冬季(20.3℃);夏季的热舒适度与热感觉投票呈现良好的二次函数关系,冬季则呈现线性关系,受热经历和热期望的综合影响,"适中"状态热感觉与舒适状态不等价,即热感觉等级处于"适中"水平时不一定达到最舒适水平,冬季最舒适的热感觉为"微暖(TSV=1.4)",而夏季为"微凉(TSV=-0.6)"且环境的变暖或转凉均会导致其热舒适度变差;夏季的热接受率与PET呈现二次函数的曲线关系,90%热接受率的PET范围为11.6~35.9℃,冬季的热接受率与PET呈现线性关系,当PET>-9.2℃时,其热接受率达到较高的水平.

The comfort level of the outdoor thermal environment is the key factor affecting the utilization rate of the park areas,the main place for residents’outdoor activities,so it is necessary to study people’s thermal comfort in park areas.In this study,meteorological parameters and questionnaire survey were conducted in park areas of Harbin in summer and winter to compare and analyze the seasonal characteristics of thermal comfort in park areas.A good linear relationship was found between thermal sensation vote(TSV)and Physiological Equivalent Temperature(PET)in summer and winter,and the neutral PET in summer(20.0℃)was significantly higher than that in winter(13.2℃).Thermal comfort vote(TCV)and PET in summer and winter showed a linear relationship,and the comfort PET in summer(12.8℃)was significantly lower than that in winter(20.3℃).Besides,TCV and TSV showed a good second-order polynomial relationship in summer and a linear relationship in winter.In winter,the most comfortable thermal sensation was found to be“slightly warm”(TSV=1.4),but when the thermal sensation was“slightly cool”(TSV=-0.6),the thermal comfort vote(TCV)in summer reached its peak,while a colder or warmer environment would cause the thermal comfort to become worse.This result showed that the value of PET for neutral thermal sensation and thermal comfort was different,which should be affected by thermal experience and adaptation.A good second-order polynomial relationship in summer was showed between thermal acceptable rate and PET,and 90% thermal acceptable PET range was 11.6〜35.9℃,while the linear relationship was found in winter between thermal acceptable rate and with PET,and when PET value was higher over than -9.2℃,the thermal acceptable rate went up to a higher level.