严寒地区农村老年人住宅室内空气质量研究

Study on the Indoor Air Quality of Rural Residence of Elderly in Severe Cold Area

严寒地区农村住宅冬季多采用独立敞开式小锅炉供暖,容易引发室内空气污染.为探究采暖期严寒地区农村老年人住宅的室内空气污染程度,本研究以齐齐哈尔市为例,在2017年1月和2019年1月分别实测了10户和8户农村老年人住宅室内的CO2、PM2.5、CO、NOx、VOCs、SVOC等污染物浓度,并用数学模糊法评价了室内的空气质量现状.2次实测中分别有60%和75%住宅受到空气污染,其中分别有40%和37.5%的住宅遭受严重的空气污染.PM2.5是室内最主要的空气污染物,半数住宅室内的PM2.5在一天内最高浓度超过标准限值的66倍,高浓度时刻为炊事期间,少数住宅室内的主要空气污染物是SVOC.参与2次实测的住宅,其室内的主要空气污染物和浓度水平具有一致性.

Small open boilers are often used to heat rural houses in severe cold areas in winter,which is easy to cause indoor air pollution.To explore the levels of indoor air pollution in rural residence of elderly during heating period in severe cold regions,this study,taking Qiqihar city as an example,measured the indoor concentrations of CO_(2),PM_(2.5),CO,NOx,VOCs,SVOC and other pollutants of 10 and 8 rural elderly households in January 2017 and January 2019,respectively.Then,the present situation of indoor air quality was evaluated by a mathematical fuzzy method.In the two measurements,60% and 75% of the residential buildings were polluted,and 40% and 37.5% of the residential buildings were seriously polluted.PM_(2.5) is the most important indoor air pollutant.The maximum concentration of PM_(2.5) in half of the residential buildings exceeds 66 times the standard limit in one day,and the high concentration moment is the cooking period.SVOC is the main air pollutant in some residential buildings.The main indoor air pollutants and the concentration levels of the houses that participated in the two field measurements were consistent.