室内香烟及蚊香燃烧释放固相PM_(2.5)上的PAHs的特征研究

Study on the Characteristics of PAHs on Solid PM_(2.5) Emitted by Indoor Burning of Cigarettes and Mosquito Coils

为了解香烟和蚊香燃烧释放固相PM25上多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)的散发特征,在洁净舱内,对烤烟型和混合型香烟的9种及无烟型和微烟型蚊香的4种物质燃烧释放的颗粒物PM_(2.5)分别进行撞击式采样,然后通过对样品前处理提取PM_(2.5)中的PAHs并进行GC-MS分析,最后对不同香烟和蚊香释放的PM_(2.5)上PAHs的散发特征进行深入研究.结果表明:1)不同类型香烟和蚊香释放固相PAHs的散发特征值不同.香烟释放PAHs的总散发因子和总散发速率分别在2.511~9.215μg/g和13.308~62.632μg/(h·支)之间;其中烤烟型的平均总散发因子和平均总散发速率分别为6.621μg/g和37.582μg/(h·支),混合型的分别为3.906μg/g和19.146μg/(h·支).蚊香释放PAHs的总散发因子和总散发速率分别在0.566~3.499μg/g和5.222~29.296μg/(h·盘)之间;其中无烟型的平均总散发因子和总散发速率分别为1.023μg/g和10.145μg/(h·盘),微烟型的分别为2.911μg/g和22.398μg/(h·盘);2)香烟和蚊香释放固相PAHs的个体及环数占比存在差异.香烟释放的固相PAHs以Phe、Flu和Phr为主,BaA、Chr和Ant次之,蚊香释放的固相PAHs以Ant、BaA和Phe为主,Phr、BbF和BkF次之;3~4环平均占比最大,5环次之,2环和6环最小;3)BaP/BghiP值可作为香烟源区别于燃煤源、薪柴源的特征比值,Phe/Ant值可作为香烟源区别于秸秆源的特征比值;4)香烟和蚊香的散发因子高于秸秆与薪柴,低于燃煤,且低于烟煤2~3个数量级.建议抽吸混合型香烟和使用以天然原料为主的无烟蚊香.

To understand the emission characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)adsorbed on solid-phase particle PM_(2.5) from the cigarettes and mosquito coils,the PM_(2.5) emitted by 9 kinds of cigarettes of the flue-cured type and mixed type and 4 kinds of mosquito coils of the smokeless type and micro-smoke type were sampled separately by impact sampling in a clean environment cabin.Then,the PAHs on PM_(2.5) through sample pretreatment were extracted by a pro-processed method and analyzed with GC-MS.Finally,the emission characteristics of the PAHs on PM_(2.5) emitted by different cigarettes and mosquito coils were studied in depth.The results showed that:1)Different types of cigarettes and mosquito coils had different emission characteristics of solid-phase PAHs.The total emission factor and total emission rate of PAHs emitted by the cigarette were between 2.511 to 9.215μg/g and 13.308 to 62.632μg/(h·stick)respectively;among them,the average total emission factor and average total emission rate of flue-cured cigarettes were 6.621μg/g and 37.582μg/(h·stick),which of the mixed were 3.906μg/g and 19.146μg/(h·stick)respectively.The total emission factor and total emission rate of PAHs emitted by the mosquito coil were between 0.566 to 3.499 μg/g and 5.222 to 29.296μg/(h·tray)respectively;among them,the average total emission factor and average total emission rate of the smokeless mosquito coils were 1.023μg/g and 10.145μg/(h·tray)respectively,which of the micro-smoke were 2.911μg/g and 22.398μg/(h·tray)·2)The cigarettes and mosquito coils emitted different proportions of individuals and rings of solid-phase PAHs.The solid-phase PAHs emitted by the cigarettes were mainly Phe,Flu and Phr,followed by BaA,Chr and Ant,and the solid-phase PAHs emitted by the mosquito coils were mainly Ant,BaA and Phe,followed by Phr,BbF And BkF;the average proportion of the 3 to 4 rings was the largest,followed by the 5 rings,and the 2 rings and the 6 rings were the smallest.3)The BaP/BghiP value can be used as the characteristic ratio that distinguishes cigarette sources from coal and fuelwood sources,and the Phe/Ant value can be used as the characteristic ratio that distinguishes cigarette sources from straw sources.4)The emission factors of cigarettes and mosquito coils were higher than which of the straw and firewood,lower than which of the coal and even lower 2 to 3 orders than which of the bituminous coal.It should be recommended to smoke mixed cigarettes and use smokeless mosquito coils based on natural materials.