美国国家公园环境教育场域研究及启示

The Environmental Education Field of National Parks in the United States and Its Enlightenment

环境教育是国家公园的主要功能之一,是助推生态文明建设、树立人与自然和谐共生生态观的有力保证。美国国家公园作为公众天然的教育场所,经过一个多世纪的探索,已经建立了精细化的环境教育体系。以场域理论为研究视角,在对以国家公园为载体的环境教育场域全面分析的基础上,从场域管理者、教育者、受教育者和其他参与者的角度总结了美国国家公园完备的环境教育体系,探讨了中国国家公园环境教育多方主体的合作管理模式,为中国国家公园的建设与发展提供启示。

Environmental education is one of the key features of national parks.It is a powerful guarantee for promoting the ecological civilization and establishing an ecological concept of harmony between man and nature.As a natural educational place for the public,American national parks have established a refined environmental education system after a century of exploration.From the perspective of field theory,based on the comprehensive analysis of environmental education field with national parks as the carrier,this paper summarizes the complete environmental education system in American national parks from the viewpoints of field managers,educators,educatees and other participants.The cooperative management model of multi-parties of environmental education in China's national parks is discussed,in order to provide inspirations for the construction and development of China's national parks.