日本国立公园分区规划与管控的经验及启示

Experience and Inspiration from Zoning Planning and Management of the National Park of Japan

我国国家公园现已全面完成试点评估验收工作,试点工作表明各国家公园体制试点管理部门对明确的管控要求、建设强度、审批流程等有强烈的诉求。结合对日本国立公园的分析,研究日本国立公园分区规划及管控经验,系统梳理日本国立公园各分区建设要求及各类建设行为在实际管理过程中的审批流程与审批主体,并通过表格形式全面细化展示。结合我国正在试点的国家公园分区和管理情况及实际问题,参考日本国立公园的经验和做法,提出适用于我国国家公园现行分区方式、建设要求和审批主体的相关建议,为我国国家公园建设从试点阶段全面转为建设管理阶段后相关法律法规的制定、建设行为的约束与审批流程的规范提供参考和启发。

The national parks in China have completed the evaluation and acceptance of the pilot parks.The pilot parks show that the national parks administrative departments have strong appeal to explicit management and control,construction intensity and approval process.Combined with the comprehensive study of the National Park of Japan,this paper studies the zoning planning and management of the National Park of Japan,systematically combs the construction requirements of each zone,the approval process and subject of various construction behaviors,and display them through a comprehensive,detailed form.Based on actual situation and problems in zoning and management of the present pilot national parks in China,referring to the experience and practice of the National Park of Japan,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the zoning method,construction control requirements and approval subjects of China's national parks.This paper aims to provide reference and inspiration for the formulation of national park laws and regulations in China,the constraints of construction behavior and the standardization of approval process after the national parks construction in China turning from the pilot stage to the construction management stage in the future.