结构水资源学概论

Introduction to Structural Water Resources Science

水资源系统是地球表层五大圈层中的大气过程、生态过程、地球化学过程、人类活动和水文过程通过水循环相互连结起来的一类开放、高维、动态的典型复杂系统,水资源系统结构反映水资源-经济社会-生态环境复杂系统的互馈作用机理、决定水资源系统的主要复杂性和水资源系统功能,一直是水资源学领域的研究难点和热点。根据水资源学发展趋势和系统结构决定系统功能的原理,提出了以水资源系统结构的基本特征、演变规律、优化调控及其应用为研究对象的一门面向水资源系统知行关系的水资源学新分支学科,即结构水资源学。结构水资源学属于技术科学层次,它将各种水资源系统结构的识别模拟、评估预测、优化调控问题作为主要研究内容,可用系统科学中的系统识别、系统建模、系统模拟进行水资源系统结构识别模拟,用系统评价、系统预测进行水资源系统结构评估预测,用系统优化、系统决策分析、系统调控进行水资源系统结构优化调控,它们构成结构水资源学研究内容体系框架,结构水资源学与水资源系统工程之间具有明显的对偶性;面向水资源系统结构的复杂性,论述了面向概率分布结构的随机分析、面向模糊关系结构的模糊集分析、面向集对关系结构的集对分析、面向神经元输入输出关系结构的神经智能分析、面向个体适应关系结构的遗传优化分析的结构水资源学五类智能研究方法,为进一步创建结构水资源学、揭示和利用水资源系统结构的演变特征奠定了初步基础。

The water resources system is an open,high-dimensional,and dynamic typical complex system in which atmospheric processes,ecological processes,geochemical processes,human activities,and hydrological processes in the five major layers of the earth′s surface are interconnected through the water cycle.The structure of the water resources system reflects the mutual feedback mechanism of the complex system of water resources,economic society and ecological environment,and determines the main complexity and function of the water resources system,which has always been a research difficulty and hot spot in the field of water resources.According to the development trend of water resources science and the principle that the system structure determines the system function,a water resources science oriented to the knowledge and practice relationship of water resources system is proposed,which takes the basic characteristics of the water resources system structure,evolution law,optimized regulation and the applications as the research object.The new branch discipline is structural water resources science.Structural water resources science belongs to the level of technical science,which regards the identification and simulation of various water resources system structures,evaluation and prediction,and optimization and control issues as the main research contents.System identification,system modeling,and system simulation in system science are used to identify and simulate water resources system structure.System evaluation and system prediction are used to evaluate and predict the water resources system structure.System optimization,system decision analysis and system regulation are used to optimize the water resources system structure.The above constitutes the framework of the research content system of structural water resources science,and there is a certain duality between structural water resources and water resources system engineering.In view of the complexity of the water resources system structure,five kinds of intelligent research methods of structural water resources science are discussed,namely,random analysis oriented to probability distribution structure,fuzzy set analysis oriented to fuzzy relation structure,set pair analysis oriented to set pair relation structure,neural intelligence analysis oriented to neuron input-output relation structure,genetic optimization analysis oriented to individual adaptive relation structure.This study lays a preliminary foundation for the further creation of structural water resources science,revealing and utilizing the evolution characteristics of water resources system structure.