贵州清水江大寨子村田野调查述旧

Memories of Field Investigation in Dazhaizi Village at the Shoreside of Qingshui River in Guizhou Province

最近20年间,黔东南苗族侗族自治州的大寨子村受到若干因素的内推外拉,先是大型水利工程影响生态环境,推动生计方式改型,致使一部分村民搬迁;继而城市买房补贴政策与城市教育、医疗资源吸引更多的村民离开。往日人声沸腾、鸡鸣狗吠的景象在村中已经无法看到,但历史的遗留透过尘封的资料历历在目。叙述了一个传统村落的社会结构与运作规则:先来后到与聚族而居形成了“姓氏-血缘-地缘”并立的局面,社会组织在自然环境与历史际遇中前后交替,古朴风俗维持着该村落的生产节令与生活习惯。

During the past 20 years,Dazhaizi Village at Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture,southeast-Qingshui,has been pushed inward and pulled outward by several factors.First,large-scale water conservancy projects have affected the ecological environment and promoted the transformation of livelihood,causing some villagers to move away,and then,the urban housing subsidy policy and urban education and medical resources have attracted more villagers to leave the backcountry.In the past,people’s voices were boiling and dogs were barking but now they are nowhere to hear.This paper describes the social structure and operating rules of a traditional village:The order of arrival and living together with the ethnic groups have formed a tripartite situation of“family name-blood relationship-geography”;social organizations change back and forth in the natural environments and historical opportunities;primitive customs maintain the production seasons and way of life.