基于大数据的汉语锐词强势模因分析

Strong Meme Analysis of Chinese Sharp Words Based on Big Data

近年来,汉语网络语言生活中出现了大量敏锐反映新闻事件或社会现象,并在一定时期内具有显著传播效应的新词语,如“佛系”“战疫”“油腻中年”等。这些词语被称作“锐词”。从文化进化理论“模因论”的角度看,锐词是一种典型的语言模因,其传播的根本原因是模因作用的结果。那些具有高保真性、长寿性和能产性特点的锐词在传播过程中往往成为强势模因,最终可能逐渐脱离背景事件或现象,进入自然语言。而多数锐词在传播中呈现出复制率高但复制时间短的特点,体现出当代网络语言快速更新换代的传播规律。

Sharp words are a new form of words which reflect news events or social phenomena sensitively and has significant communication effect in a certain period of time.From the perspective of memetics,“Sharp Words”are a typical language meme;those sharp words with high copying fidelity,longevity and fecundity tend to become strong memes in the process of communication,and may eventually gradually break away from background events or phenomena and become a part of natural language.However,most of the sharp words have the characteristics of high copy rate but short copy time,which reflects the rapid updating of the contemporary network language.