2016-2020年岳阳市国家血吸虫病监测点疫情分析

Analysis on the endemic status of schistosomiasis in the national surveillance sites of Yueyang City from 2016 to 2020

目的分析岳阳市国家血吸虫病监测点2016—2020年疫情监测结果,为完善全市血吸虫病防治措施和制定血吸虫病消除策略提供科学依据。方法按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案(2014版)》要求,在岳阳市设立12个国家血吸虫病监测点,对本地人群、流动人群和家畜等血吸虫感染情况和螺情开展系统监测和分析。结果2016—2020年,岳阳市12个国家血吸虫病监测点累计开展本地人群和流动人群血吸虫病血清学筛查28980人·次和12316人·次,血检阳性率均逐年下降,分别为3.62%、3.36%、2.43%、1.64%、0.97%和3.60%、1.90%、1.41%、0.96%、0.49%;2016年粪检发现本地人群感染病例12例,流动人群感染病例1例;5年累计监测家畜2598头·次,未发现感染性家畜;累计进行钉螺调查7441.09 hm^(2),2019年活螺平均密度降至最低,未查获感染性钉螺;采用环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)累计检测混合钉螺样本554份,2017年检出阳性混合样本3份。结论岳阳市血吸虫病疫情总体呈下降趋势,但全市钉螺面积较大,血吸虫病传播风险依然存在。今后应继续加大查治病、健康教育和钉螺控制等综合防治措施力度,完善血吸虫病监测体系,推进消除血吸虫病进程。

Objective To analyze the changes of endemic situation of schistosomiasis in the national surveillance sites of Yueyang City from^(2)016 to 2020,so as to supply scientific evidences in improving the prevention and control measures as well as developing the strategies for schistosomiasis elimination in Yueyang City.Methods According to the requirements of the National Schistosomiasis Monitoring Scheme(2014 Edition),we established 12 national schistosomiasis monitoring sites within Yueyang areas for systematic surveillance of schistosomiasis infections in local residents,floating population and livestock as well as the status of snail.Results Totally,28980 local residents-times and 12316 floating people-times in the 12 national surveillance sites in Yueyang area underwent serological screening for Schistosoma japonicum infection from^(2)016 to 2020.The positive rate of blood test was 3.62%,3.36%,2.43%,1.64%and 0.97%for local residents,and 3.60%,1.90%,1.41%,0.96%and 0.49%for floating population,respectively in each year,which showed a declined trend year by year.Fecal tests carried out in 2016 revealed positive infection with Schistosoma japonicum in 12 of the local residents and only 1 in floating population.A total of 2598 livestock-times were monitored in the 5 years,and no infectious animals were found.In addition,snail survey was implemented in an area of 7441.09 hm^(2),which showed that the average density of live snails was dropped to the lowest level in 2019,and no infected snails were detected.A total of 554 mixed snail samples were detected using loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP),only 3 positive mixed samples were identified in 2017.Conclusion Overall,schistosomiasis prevalence tends to decline in Yueyang City,yet areas with snails remains larger,and the risk of schistosomiasis transmission still exists.In following efforts,we should continue to strengthen comprehensive prevention and control measures,including expanded screening of schistosomiasis,provision of health education in population,enhanced snail control,and perfecting the monitoring system,in order to promote the process in eliminating schistosomiasis.