青海高原地区不同玉米品种青贮性能及营养品质评价

Evaluation of silage performance and nutritional quality of different corn cultivars in Qinghai Plateau

为筛选出适宜青海高原地区种植的青贮玉米(Zea mays)品种,利用主成分分析和聚类分析对50个玉米品种的青贮性能和营养品质进行了综合评价。结果表明:1)参试品种间主要农艺性状差异显著(P<0.05)。株高、穗位高变化范围分别为270.30~378.90和84.40~195.60 cm;鲜重、干重变化范围分别为0.70~2.70和0.30~1.03 kg;每株叶片平均数为10~19片,叶片持绿性变化范围为53.18%~97.67%。参试品种蛋白含量(干物质基础)为6.16%~13.81%,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维(干物质基础)含量分别为29.75%~61.13%和16.45%~33.45%。2)参照青贮玉米品质分级标准,将50个参试品种简单分级,其中归属为一级的品种有19个,二级的有12个,三级的有8个。3)主成分分析前5个主成分累计贡献率达84.644%,有24个玉米品种综合性状表现良好,适合青海高原种植。4)聚类分析可将参试品种聚为4类,可根据育种目标加以选择利用。综合分析表明,高科玉138等品种适宜青海地区,可作为青贮玉米品种种植。

In order to screen for the silage corn cultivars suitable for cultivation in the Qinghai Plateau area,the silage performance and nutritional quality of 50 corn cultivars were evaluated using principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that 1)the main agronomic characteristics of the tested cultivars were significantly different(P<0.05).The variation range of plant height and ear height was 270.30~378.90 cm and 84.40~195.60 cm,respectively.The variation range of fresh weight and dry weight was 0.70~2.70 kg and 0.30~1.03 kg,respectively.The average number of leaves ranged from 10 to 19 per plant,and the variation range of leaf greenness was 53.18%to 97.67%.The protein content(dry matter basis)of the tested cultivars was 6.16%~13.81%,and the levels of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber(dry matter basis)were 29.75%~61.13%and 16.45%~33.45%,respectively.2)With reference to the quality grading standard of silage corn,50 tested cultivars could be graded simply,of which 19 were classified as first-level,12 as second-level,and 8 as third-level.3)The cumulative contribution of the top five principal factors was 84.644%in the principal factors analysis.There were 24 corn cultivars that performed well in comprehensive traits and were suitable for planting in this area.4)Cluster analysis grouped the tested cultivars into four categories that can be selected and utilized according to the breeding objectives.Comprehensive analysis results showed that the Gaokeyu 138 variety was suitable for planting as silage corn in Qinghai.