概数表达方式的空间认知类型研究

A Study of the Spatial Cognitive Types of Approximate Expressions

通过隐喻借助空间模式来表达概数是人类语言的认知共性,但在具体表达方式和语序上又存在个性。一般而言,汉语主要使用“确数+方位词”的形式,也使用“空间动词+确数”的形式。两者体现了空间成分作为参照起点和参照终点的差别。少数民族语言主要使用“确数+空间成分”这一形式,这体现了内部的统一性,即“C+M”语序。

It is the cognitive commonness of human language to express approximation through metaphor and by means of spatial patterns,but there are individualities in specific expressions and word orders.Generally speaking,Chinese mainly uses the form of“definite numeral+localizer”,and also uses the form of“space verb+definite numeral word”.The difference reflects the distinction between the spatial components as the reference starting point and the reference ending point.Minority languages mainly use the form of“definite numerals+spatial elements”,which reflects the internal unity,that is,“C+M”word order.