江西省水稻种业创新发展对策建议

Suggestions on Innovative Development of Rice Seed Industry in Jiangxi Province

我国种业存在的“卡脖子”问题受到了党和政府的高度重视。江西是我国水稻生产和种业大省,近10年来水稻播种面积和总产稳定在330万hm^(2)和2000万t以上,均居全国第3位。江西水稻商品种子市场用种量8880万kg,其中杂交稻总用种量2700万kg左右。江西年产杂交稻种子5000万kg以上,约占全国20%,其中约40%供应外省。江西省“十四五”现代种业发展规划明确提出要以建设种业强省为目标,发展水稻种业是实现种业强省的基础和关键。为推动江西水稻种业高质量跨越式发展,文章在对江西水稻种业现状和存在问题进行分析的基础上,结合多年来在水稻科研和育种推广等方面的工作经验,提出了江西省水稻种业创新发展的对策和建议。文章分析认为,江西水稻种业存在着稻种资源创新利用效率不高、缺乏突破性水稻品种、资金投入相对不足、分子育种创新平台建设滞后、缺乏上市领军种企、种子生产抗风险能力较弱等问题,并提出了加强种质资源保护和利用、推动水稻分子育种中心建设、加强双季稻种源“卡脖子”技术攻关、做大做强种业、加强新品种区试管理和示范展示、加强良种生产基地建设等促进江西水稻种业创新发展的对策和建议,对助推江西省水稻种业高质量跨越式发展、实现江西省由种业大省向种业强省迈进具有重要意义。

The government attaches great importance to the“neck sticking”problem of seed industry.Jiangxi is a big province in rice production and seed industry.In recent 10 years,the planting area and total yield of rice have been more than 3300 thousand hm^(2) and 20 million tons,both rank the 3rd in China.The seed amount of rice commercial seed market is 88.8 million kg in Jiangxi,among which the hybrid rice is about 27 million kg.Jiangxi has an annual output of more than 50 million kg of hybrid rice seeds,accounting for about 20%of the country,among which about 40%is supplied to other provinces.The 14th Five-Year modern seed industry development plan indicates to build a strong seed industry province as the goal,rice seed industry is the basic and key to achieve the strong seed industry province.In order to promote the high-quality leap forward development of rice seed industry in Jiangxi Province,the paper based on the analysis of the current situation and problems of rice seed industry in Jiangxi province,combined with years of work experience in rice research and breeding promotion.Some countermeasures and suggestions were made to promote the innovation and development of Jiangxi rice seed industry.According to the analysis of the article,Jiangxi rice seed industry has many problems,such as low efficiency of innovative utilization of rice seed resources,lack of breakthrough rice varieties,insufficient capital investment,lag in the construction of molecular breeding innovation platform,lack of leading seed enterprises on the market,and weak ability of seed production to resist risks.Countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to promote the innovative development of rice seed industry in Jiangxi Province,such as strengthening the protection and utilization of germplasm resources,promoting the construction of rice molecular breeding center,strengthening tackling of“neck”technology of double cropping rice provenance,expanding and strengthening the seed industry,strengthening the regional trial management and demonstration of new varieties,and strengthening the construction of improved seed production base.It is of great significance to help Jiangxi province move forward from a big seed industry province to a strong seed industry province.