双翅目昆虫触角感受器种类与功能研究进展

Research Progress on the Types and Functions of Antennal Sensilla of Dipteran

双翅目是昆虫第四大目,与人类关系较为密切,物种多样,生态类型丰富。触角是昆虫的主要嗅觉感受器官,在昆虫觅食、求偶、交配、聚集、产卵等生活史过程中发挥着获取信息的重要作用。笔者通过检索Webof Science外文数据库和万方、维普和知网中文数据库,发现目前关于双翅目触角感受器超显微结构的观察研究涉及32个科248种昆虫,主要集中在与人类农业生产和生活息息相关的害虫,如蚊科、实蝇科、蠓科、厕蝇科、瘿蚊科、丽蝇科、蝇科、狂蝇科等,而近些年对双翅目天敌昆虫如寄蝇科和食蚜蝇科的研究也倍受关注。此外,笔者汇总整理研究表明,双翅目昆虫的感受器共13种,常见的有毛形感受器、锥形感受器、腔锥形感受器、刺形感受器、棒状感受器5种,还有部分感受器是双翅目某些科特有的,如环丝是瘿蚊科昆虫特有的感受器。另外,双翅目昆虫触角感受器的特征在科、属、种分类阶元中存在差异;对比我国不同地区的橘小实蝇成虫触角感受器类型,发现该害虫不同地理种群的触角感受器类型和特征存在差异。例如,我国台湾的橘小实蝇成虫触角着生栓锥形感受器和棒状感器,然而我国大陆的橘小实蝇未发现以上2种感器,并且大陆的橘小实蝇触角着生台湾种群没有的刺形感受器、腔锥型感受器或柱形感受器;广州的橘小实蝇锥形感受器基部未呈现弯曲状态,然而福建和吉林长春的橘小实蝇锥形感受器存在基部弯曲的亚型。笔者还综述了双翅目昆虫各种感受器类型在形态和功能方面的研究概况,探讨了触角感受器在害虫防治和昆虫系统发育研究中的应用前景。

Dipteran is the fourth order of insects,which is closely related to human beings,and of diverse species and rich ecological types.Antenna is the main olfactory organ that involved in the life history cycle of insects including foraging,courtship,mating,gathering,spawning etc.,playing an important role in receiving information.In this study,English database like Web of Science and Chinese database such as Wanfang,VIP and CNKI were searched,the results shown that the observation and research on the ultrastructure of Dipteran antennae sensilla involves 248 species of insects from 32 families,mainly concentrated on the pests that were closely related to agricultural production and life of human beings such as Culicidae,Tephritidae,Ceratopogonidae,Fanniidae,Cecidomyiidae,Calliphoridae,Muscidae and Oestridae etc.,and the researches on the natural enemies of Dipteran such as Tachinidae and Syrphidae had attracted more attentions in recent years.Additionally,the types of Dipteran antennal sensilla were summarized in this study,and totally thirteen sensilla were found in Dipteran and five sensilla were common,namely sensilla trichodea,sensilla basiconca,sensilla coeloclnica,sensilla chaetica and sensilla clavata.Some sensilla were unique in some families of Dipteran,such as circumfila,which is the exclusive sensillum in Cecidomyiidae.Moreover,the characteristics of antennal sensilla of Dipteran are different at three taxonomic levels including families,genera and species.The antennal sensilla of Bactrocera dorsalis from different regions of China were compared,and the antennal sensilla types and characteristics of fruit fly adults were found to be different among different geographical populations.For example,B.dorsalis populations from Taiwan Province had sensilla styloconica and sensilla clavata,but these two sensilla were not found in the antennae of B.dorsalis populations from the mainland of China.The population from the mainland of China have sensilla chaetica,sensilla coeloclnica and sensilla cylindric,while these three sensilla were not observed in the antennae of B.dorsalis populations from Taiwan Province.The sensilla basiconca in B.dorsalis populations from Guangzhou is not curved,while the sensilla in the populations from Fujian and Jilin Provinces is of curved sub-type.The research progress about the morphology and function of various sensilla of Dipteran adults were reviewed,and the application prospects of antennal sensilla in pest control and insect phylogeny were discussed in this study.