孔子的礼乐言论新解——“以礼让为国”“成于乐”“朝闻道”三则为中心

A New Interpretation of Confucius’Speech Regarding Rites and Music—Centering on the Three Speeches of“Governing the Country by Propriety and Compliance”,“Building the Character through Music”and“Learning the Truth in the Morning”

“以礼让为国”的内涵是探讨“以天下让”的根本制度问题,这与孔子的理想政治密切相关。“兴于《诗》,立于礼,成于乐”,讨论的是治国理政以教化天下的先后次序:第一步,以《诗》教为中心,培养整个社会的“文德”;第二步,因俗制礼;第三步,功成作乐。这是孔子当世汲汲乎奔走渴望实现的政治理想。“朝闻道夕死可矣”,是孔子王道政治理想失落之后所发出的深长感慨。这三则言论集中体现了孔子的礼乐之道。

The core of“governing the country by propriety and compliance”is to discuss the founding sys‐tem of country governing which is closely related to Confucius’political ideal.The Master once said,“It is by the Odes that the mind is aroused.It is by the Rules of Propriety that the character is established.It is from Music that the finish is received.”These words discuss about the order in which governance should be administered to educate the world,which include three major steps.Step one:fostering social morality by centering on the education of The Book of Songs;step two:establishing manners via customs;step three:creating music to accomplish.The above three speeches represent Confucius’thought over rites and music.