饲喂全株玉米青贮及额外补充碳酸氢钠对疆岳驴生长性能、消化率、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响

Effects of Whole Corn Silage and Supplementary Sodium Bicarbonate on Growth Performance,Digestibility,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Economic Benefits in Jiangyue Donkey

试验旨在研究饲粮中两种全株玉米青贮比例及额外补充碳酸氢钠对疆岳驴生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响。选取体况良好的6~8月龄疆岳驴断奶公驴40头(106.02 kg±11.81 kg),随机分为5组:全株玉米青贮占粗饲料的比例分别为0(Ⅰ组)、30%(Ⅱ组)、60%(Ⅲ组)及额外补充碳酸氢钠的Ⅳ组(全株玉米青贮占粗饲料30%+碳酸氢钠)和Ⅴ组(全株玉米青贮占粗饲料60%+碳酸氢钠),碳酸氢钠正常添加量按照精料干物质的0.5%计算,额外添加量按照精料干物质的0.5%+全株玉米青贮干物质的1%计算,每组8头驴,按照等能等氮原则设计饲粮。预饲期12 d,正试期120 d。结果显示,随着全株玉米青贮添加量的增加,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组料重比逐渐下降,其中试验Ⅲ组显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、粗灰分的表观消化率最高,显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),总蛋白、肌酐含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组葡萄糖含量极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),试验Ⅲ组总胆固醇含量显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。与同等比例添加全珠玉米青贮的组相比,试验Ⅱ组平均日增重显著高于试验Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组平均日增重高于试验Ⅴ组(P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组料重比显著低于试验Ⅴ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组料重比低于试验Ⅳ组(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组间粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、能量和粗灰分的表观消化率差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅲ、Ⅴ组营养物质的表观消化率差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅳ组总胆固醇含量及谷丙转氨酶活力均显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ~Ⅴ组疆岳驴每千克增重成本分别为16.40、15.10、14.79、17.34和16.10元,整个试验期每头驴毛利润分别为711.27、837.53、871.98、629.46和738.16元。综上,在本试验条件下,以生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标为评价依据,综合经济效益比较,以在基础饲粮(以DM为基础)中添加0.28%碳酸氢钠时、全贮玉米青贮占粗饲料60%(在基础饲粮DM中添加26.67%)饲喂疆岳驴公驴效果最优,无需额外补充碳酸氢钠。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of two whole corn silage ratios and additional sodium bicarbonate supplementation on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,serum biochemical indexes and economic benefits in Jiangyue donkey.40 healthy male donkeys(106.02 kg±11.81 kg)aged from 6 to 8 months were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8 in each group).According to isoenergetic and isonitrogenous design,the proportion of whole corn silage in crude feed was 0(groupⅠ),30%(groupⅡ),60%(groupⅢ),respectively,and supplemented with additional sodium bicarbonate groupsⅣ(30%of whole corn silage in crude feed+sodium bicarbonate)andⅤ(60%of whole corn silage in crude feed+sodium bicarbonate).The normal addition of sodium bicarbonate was calculated as 0.5%of dry matter of concentrate,and the additional addition was calculated as 0.5%of dry matter of concentrate+1%of dry matter of whole corn silage.The first 12 days were the prefeeding period,and the last 120 days were the trial period.The results showed that with the increase of whole plant corn silage addition,the F/G of groupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢdecreased gradually,and the F/G of groupⅢwas significantly lower than that of groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude fat,neutral detergent fiber and crude ash in groupⅢwas the highest,which was significantly higher than that in groupⅡ(P<0.05).The contents of total protein,creatinine and alkaline phosphatase in groupⅢwere significantly higher than that in groupⅠ(P<0.05).The glucose content in groupⅢwas significantly lower than that in groupⅠ(P<0.01).The total cholesterol content of groupⅢwas significantly lower than that of groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.05).Compared with the same proportion of whole corn silage,the average daily gain of groupⅡwas significantly higher than that of groupⅣ(P<0.05),the average daily gain of groupⅢwas higher than that of group V(P>0.05),the F/G of groupⅢwas significantly lower than that of group V(P<0.05),and groupⅡwas lower than that of groupⅣ(P>0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude protein,crude fat,energy and ash in groupⅣwas not significantly different from that in groupⅡ(P>0.05).The apparent digestibility of nutrients in groupⅤwas not significantly different from that in groupⅢ(P>0.05).The contents of total cholesterol and the activity of alanine aminotransferase in groupⅣwere significantly higher than that in groupⅡ(P<0.05).The weight gain cost per kilogram of donkeys in groupⅠ-Ⅴwere 16.40,15.10,14.79,17.34 and 16.10 yuan,respectively.The gross profit per donkey in the whole experiment period was 711.27,837.53,871.98,629.46 and 738.16 yuan,respectively.It could be concluded that under the conditions of this experiment,based on the growth performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients and serum biochemical indexes,and comprehensive economic benefit comparison,when 0.28%sodium bicarbonate was added to the basal diet(based on DM),the ratio of total silage corn to 60%of the roughage(26.67%added to the basal diet DM)was the best for feeding Jiangyue donkey,and no additional sodium bicarbonate was needed.