中国土地开发强度综合评价研究

Comprehensive evaluation of land development intensity in China

本文基于中国(不含中国港、澳、台地区)31个省市2009—2017年土地变更调查数据,从土地开发均衡度、开发限度和开发压力三方面对全国的土地开发度进行综合评价。研究表明:(1)全国土地开发均衡状态两极分化格局并未改变,东部发达省份和西部发展落后地区土地开发严重失衡,而内陆地区土地开发状态相对均衡。(2)全国整体土地开发限度为4.70%,有9个省市低于全国平均水平,全国有16个省市的建设用地开发现状已经在不同程度上超过了土地开发限度。(3)2017年全国基于经济效益的土地开发压力指数为183,“一带一路”经济区和黄河经济带区域压力指数超过了全国水平;2017年全国基于经济、生态效益的土地开发压力指数分析为43,五大战略区之间依然存在差距,但明显小于基于经济效益的土地开发压力指数的区域差异。因此,应依据不同区域土地开发现状因地制宜调整规划政策,从而实现国土空间格局优化。

Based on the land change survey data of 31 provinces in China from 2009 to 2017,this paper comprehensively evaluates the land development degree of China from three aspects:land development balance,development limit and development pressure.The results show that:(1)the polarization pattern of national land development equilibrium has not changed.The land development in the eastern developed provinces and the western underdeveloped areas are seriously unbalanced,while the land development status in the inland areas is relatively balanced.(2)the overall national land development limit is 4.7 percent.9 provinces are lower than the national average level,and the construction land development status of 16 provinces has exceeded the land development limit to varying degrees.(3)the national economic development index of pressure is 183 in 2017.The One belt,One Road Economic Zone and the Yellow River economic belt exceeded the national level.In 2017,the index of land development pressure based on economic and ecological benefits was 43.The gap between the five strategic areas still existed,but the difference was less obvious than that of land development pressure index based on economic benefits.Therefore,the planning policy should be adjusted according to the current situation of land development in different regions,so as to realize the optimization of land spatial pattern.