刑法视野下侵占不法原因给付物再研究

Study on Embezzlement of Things Given for Illegal Causes from the Perspective of Criminal Law

在我国,侵占不法原因给付物是否成立侵占罪,不仅涉及现有刑法关于侵占罪的规定,而且涉及民法与刑法的交叉领域。现有研究主要是借鉴日本刑法理论的有关规定,存在论证不足的问题,也没有充分考虑我国的实际情况。一方面,从财产犯罪保护法益的目的"经济的财产说"出发,不法原因给付物具有经济价值和利益,值得被刑法保护;另一方面,不法原因给付物属于刑法规定的"他人财物"。此外,侵占罪的保护法益虽然是所有权,然而即便在合法委托关系中,委托人也未必一定是所有权人,因而保护委托人以外的第三人的所有权也是侵占罪法益保护的应有之义。因此,原则上侵占不法原因给付物构成侵占罪是没有问题的。

In our country,whether the crime of embezzlement of things given for illegal causes is established or not involves not only the provisions of the existing criminal law on the crime of embezzlement,but also involves the intersecting fields of civil law and criminal law.Existing research mainly draws on theory and relevant provisions of Japanese criminal law,but there is a problem of insufficient argumentation,and the actual situation of our country is not fully considered.On one hand,starting from the purpose of"economic property theory"for the protection of legal interest of property crimes,the things illegally given have both economic value and benefits and are worthy of protection by the criminal law;on the other hand,things illegally given belong to"others’property"under the criminal law.In addition,although the protection of the legal interests of the crime of embezzlement is ownership,even in a legally entrusted relationship,the principal may not necessarily be the owner,so protecting the ownership of a third party other than the principal is also due to the protection of the legal interest of the crime of embezzlement.Therefore,in principle,it is not a problem if the embezzlement on things illegally given constitutes the crime of embezzlement.