某四角锥护面斜坡堤损坏原因分析

Damage analysis of a breakwater with tetrapod armor

防波堤损毁原因的分析对其修复或重建方案具有重要指导作用。地中海某防波堤在过去45 a施工和运营期间多次遭受大浪作用导致较严重的破损,虽历经多次修复,但仍然发生局部破坏。通过现场调查,结合理论公式计算和防波堤断面物模试验,对可能导致破坏的原因进行了分析。结果表明:1)地中海地区波浪强烈,波高大、周期长,大浪持续时间长,破坏力大。2)防波堤四角锥护面块体破坏的最主要原因是护面坡度过陡。3)四角锥护面块体的安放质量对其稳定性也有明显影响,随机抛放时四角锥护面块体的稳定性明显低于规则摆放时的情况。4)对于地中海区域的大型四角锥护面块体深水防波堤项目,设计中应充分考虑护面块体适宜坡度、块体安装质量及安装密度等诸多因素对块体稳定性的影响。

The damage analyses of breakwaters have an important guiding role for its rehabilitation or reconstruction.During the past 45 years of construction and operation,a rubble mound breakwater armored with Tetrapod units in the Mediterranean has damaged successively under strong wave conditions.Although it has been repaired many times,it still suffered local damage.In this paper,by field investigation,theoretical formula verification,and 2 D physical model test,the damage reasons of Tetrapod blocks are analyzed.Results show that:1)The Mediterranean area has strong waves,high wave height,long period,long duration,and great destructive power.2)The main reason for the breakwater damage is that the slope of the protective surface is too steep.3)The unit placement quality also has a significant effect on the stability of the Tetrapod units.The stability of the Tetrapod units with randomly placed is much worse than that of the Tetrapod units with regular well placed.4)For the breakwater projects in the Mediterranean,the factors of amour slope,block installation quality and unit placement density should be considered in the design.