不同绿肥品种部分替代化肥对烟叶质量及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizers with Different Green Manure Varieties on Tobacco Leaf Quality and Soil Fertility

设置冬闲(对照)、种植油菜、大麦、黑麦草和毛苕子5个处理进行大田对比试验,研究不同绿肥品种部分替代化肥对烟叶质量及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,不同绿肥处理较对照处理增产105~195 kg/hm^(2),烟叶叶长、叶宽和单叶质量增幅分别为5.8%~10.3%、4.0%~13.9%和13.9%~27.9%;不同绿肥处理烤后烟叶总糖质量分数为20.81%~23.24%,还原糖为19.31%~20.99%,总氮为2.47%~2.77%,氯为0.65%以下,糖碱比为6.25%~7.77%,钾氯比≥2.34。在3个生育期内,大麦处理土壤全磷显著高于毛苕子处理,增幅分别为26.8%、19.5%和18.4%;移栽后90 d和采烤结束,不同绿肥处理速效钾显著高于对照处理;采烤结束,油菜、大麦和黑麦草处理土壤全氮较毛苕子处理显著增加9.6%~17.8%。综上所述,不同绿肥品种部分替代化肥能提高烟叶产量和改善烟田土壤养分,以大麦最优,黑麦草和油菜其次。

A field comparative experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of slack winter(control),oilseed rape,barley,Lolium perenne L and Viciavillosa Roth var on quality of flue-cured tobacco and soil fertility.The results showed that the different green manure treatments increased the yield by 105-195 kg/hm^(2) compared with the control treatment.Compared with the control treatment,the increase of leaf length,leaf width and single leaf quality of flue-cured tobacco after different green manure treatments were 5.8%-10.3%,4.0%-13.9%and 13.9%-27.9%,respectively.The mass fraction of total sugars in the cured tobacco leaves after green manure cover was 20.81%-23.24%,reducing sugars 19.31%-20.99%,total nitrogen 2.47%-2.77%,chlorine less than 0.65%,sugar to alkali ratio 6.25%-7.77%,potassium chloride Ratio≥2.34.During the three growth periods,the total phosphorus in the soil under the barley treatment was significantly higher than that Viciavillosa Roth var treatment,with an increase of 26.8%,19.5%and 18.4%,respectively.90 d after transplanting and the end of harvesting,the available potassium of different green manure treatments was significantly higher than that of the control treatment.After harvesting,the total nitrogen of the soil under the treatment of oilseed rape,barley and Lolium perenne L significantly increased by 9.6%-17.8%compared with the treatment of Vicia villosa Roth var..In summary,partial replacement of chemical fertilizers with different green manure varieties can increase tobacco leaf yield and improve tobacco soil nutrients,with barley being the best,Lolium perenne L.and oilseed rape second.