麦田蚜虫及其天敌类群动态变化

Dynamic Change of Aphids and Its Natural Enemies in Wheat Field

为明确河南漯河地区麦田蚜虫的主要种类及发生特点以及寄生性和捕食性天敌类群及其发生动态,2015—2019年连续5 a系统调查了小麦田蚜虫和天敌的田间种群动态。结果表明,漯河地区麦田蚜虫主要种类是麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜;捕食性天敌主要有瓢虫(4种)、食蚜蝇(6种)和草蛉(3种),分别主要是龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫、黑带食蚜蝇、大灰食蚜蝇、中华草蛉;寄生性天敌主要有烟蚜茧蜂和燕麦蚜茧蜂。蚜虫的发生呈抛物线型,一般在4月中下旬达到高峰,之后数量下降。寄生性天敌的发生动态呈抛物线型,与麦蚜具有明显的跟随关系。捕食性天敌的发生动态相对平缓,没有形成明显的抛物线型,与蚜虫跟随关系不明显。

To define the species and the occurrence of aphids and its enemies,the population dynamics of wheat aphids,their parasitic enemies and predatory enemies were investigated from 2015-2019 in Wuligang experimental base of Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Henan Province.The results showed that Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiohum padi were mainly aphids.The dominant predatory groups included ladybud,hoverfly(6 kinds),lacewing(3 kinds).The main species of the three predatory enemies were Propylea japonica,Harmonia axyridis,Episyrphus balteatus,Eupeodes corolla and Chrysoperla sinica.The dominant parasitoids were Aphidius guifuensis and Aphidius avenae.The population of aphids occurred was similar to parabola.The number of aphids reached the peak in mid-to-late April and then declined.The occurrence of parasitoids natural enemies was also parabolic,which had an obvious follow-up relationship with aphids.The occurrence of predatory enemies was relatively smooth without a follow-up relationship with aphids.