东南互保两江福建比较

Comparison of Southeast Mutual Protection Between Liangjiang and Fujian

《东南保护约款》并没有与各国领事事先详谈,而是由刘坤一等单方面草拟后在“互保”会议上直接提出的。闽浙总督同各国领事经过8天讨论共同制定《福建互保协定》。《东南保护约款》对列强限定明显较《福建互保协定》多,各国领事没有在条约上正式签字。以福建为势力范围的日本最初虽然持反对态度,但迫于实力相对较弱才同意签订《福建互保协定》,这是“东南互保”中唯一正式签字的条约。英国担心其他列强出兵长江流域,积极支持“东南互保”,英军登陆上海曾受到两江总督刘坤一和其他列强的抵制,后来列强效仿英国纷纷派兵登陆上海。日本派兵登陆厦门,遭到其他列强一致反对,仅仅坚持十天即撤兵。

The Southeast Protection Treaty was not discussed in detail with foreign consuls in advance,but was drafted unilaterally by Liu Kunyi and others and put forward directly at the"mutual protection"meeting.After eight days’discussion,the General Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang and consuls of other countries jointly formulated the Fujian Mutual Protection Agreement.The Southeast Protection Treaty had more restrictions on the foreign powers than the Fujian Mutual Protection Agreement.The foreign consuls did not sign the treaty officially,which made it illegitimate.Although Japan,with Fujian as its sphere of influence,was initially opposed,it agreed to sign the Fujian Mutual Protection Agreement because of its relatively weak strength,which made it the only agreement officially signed in the"southeast mutual protection".Britain was worried that the great powers would send troops to the Yangtze River Basin and actively supported the"southeast mutual protection".The British army's landing in Shanghai was resisted by Liu Kunyi,Governor of Liangjiang,and other powers.But later,the other powers imitated Britain and sent troops to Shanghai one after another.When Japan sent troops to Xiamen,it was unanimously opposed by the powers,so Japan only insisted for 10 days before they withdrew.