复方中草药对虹鳟生长和非特异性免疫功能的影响

Effects of Chinese Herbal Compound on Growth Performance and Non-specific Immunity in Rainbow Trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)

将20∶1的红枣、黄芪和山药提取物等比例混合成复合物,按照质量分数分别为0%(对照组)、0.3%、0.6%和1.2%的比例加入到基础饲料中制成复合中草药饲料,投喂给饲养在冷水鱼循环系统中直径1 m×高1 m饲养缸中、体长7.6~8.9 cm的虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss,在水温11~15℃下,探讨复方中草药对虹鳟生长和非特异性免疫功能的影响。56 d饲养结果显示,饲料中添加复方中草药组虹鳟的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和肝脏指数(LSI)有所增加,但与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),仅添加0.6%的复方中草药组虹鳟的脾脏指数(SSI)显著性升高了21%(P<0.05)。复方中草药组虹鳟的溶菌酶(LYZ)、血清抗菌活力(AA)和超氧化化物歧化酶(SOD)活力有所升高,其中SOD酶活力极显著升高(P<0.01);0.3%和0.6%复方中草药组LYZ活力显著升高(P<0.05),而0.6%和1.2%复方中草药组AA与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。复方中草药组虹鳟的尿素氮水平(BUN)、血清中肌酐(CREA)含量和谷草转氨酶(GOT)及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性比对照组低,谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性和总蛋白(TP)含量升高,其中CREA含量和ALP活性极显著降低(P<0.01);0.6%复方中草药组的BUN极显著降低(P<0.01);而0.6%和1.2%复方中草药组的GPT活性与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),各剂量组的GOT活性高于对照组水平,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。复方中草药组的ACP显著高于对照组,0.6%和1.2%组的TP也显著高于对照组。0.6%复方中草药组血清中补体3(C3)和补体4(C4)水平显著升高(P<0.05),0.3%和0.6%添加剂组血清中α-肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结果表明,在基础饲料中添加等比例红枣、山药和黄芪的提取物混合物,对虹鳟的生长性能无显著影响,但能提高虹鳟的非特异性免疫功能,建议添加量为0.6%。

The Chinese herbal compound containing 20∶1 jujube,Astragalus and Chinese yam extracts was added into the basic feed as a dose of 0%(control group),0.3%,0.6%and 1.2%,and fed to rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)with body length of 7.6~8.9 cm reared in a 1 m diameter×1 m height tank in a cold water fish circulation system for 56 d at water temperature of 11~15℃to investigate effects of the Chinese herbal compound on growth performance and immunity of rainbow trout.The results showed that there were higher weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR)in the rainbow trout fed the diets containing Chinese herbal compound that those in the fish in the control group,without significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05),and no significant effect of Chinese herbal compound on the liver index(LSI)of rainbow trout(P>0.05),even though increase in the spleen index(SSI)by 21%in rainbow trout in the compound Chinese herbal medicine groups(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,activities of lysozyme(LYZ),serum antibacterial activity(AA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were found to be increased,especially the SOD activity(P<0.01)in the fish in the compound Chinese herbal medicine groups,with significant increase in LYZ activity in the 0.3%and 0.6%compound Chinese herbal medicine groups(P<0.05),without significant difference in AA between the 0.6%and 1.2%compound Chinese herbal medicine groups and the control group(P>0.05).The rainbow trout in the compound Chinese herbal medicine groups had lower levels of urea nitrogen(BUN),and creatinine(CREA),and activities of aspartate aminotransferase(GOT)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)than the fish in the control group did,with increase in activities of alanine aminotransferase(GPT),and acid phosphatase(ACP)and total protein(TP)content,and very significant decrease in CREA content and ALP activity(P<0.01).BUN was significantly reduced in the 0.6%compound Chinese herbal medicine group(P<0.01);while the GPT activity was not significantly different in the 0.6%and 1.2%compound Chinese herbal medicine groups from that in the control group(P>0.05).GOT activity was higher in the compound Chinese herbal medicine groups than that in the control group,without significant difference(P>0.05).There was significantly higher ACP activity in the compound Chinese herbal medicine groups than that in the control group,and significantly higher TP level in the 0.6%and 1.2%groups than that in the control group.The rainbow trout in the 0.6%compound Chinese herbal medicine group had significantly higher serum levels of complement 3(C3)and complement 4(C4)(P<0.05),and the rainbow trout in the 0.3%and 0.6%compound Chinese herbal medicine groups had significantly higher levels ofα-tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)in the serum(P<0.05).The findings indicated that the Chinese herbal compound containing 20∶1 jujube,Astragalus and Chinese yam extracts improved the non-specific immune function of rainbow trout,with the recommended dose of 0.6%,even though there was no significant effect on growth performance of rainbow trout.