天津市吸烟成年人膳食平衡指数及与血尿酸关系的研究

Study on the diet balance index and its relationship with blood uric acid of smoking adults in Tianjin

目的通过膳食平衡指数(DBI_16)评价天津市吸烟成年人膳食状况,并分析与血尿酸的关系。方法在天津市共计调查1478名成年人,使用3 d膳食回顾法和调味品称重法相结合获得膳食状况,并收集其空腹静脉血检测血尿酸。描述吸烟者与非吸烟者各类食物摄入状况及DBI_16评分,并分析吸烟、膳食质量距(DQD-DBI)与血尿酸的关系。结果天津市吸烟者蔬菜、水果、奶类摄入量均低于不吸烟者,烹调盐、烹调油、谷类、鱼虾类均高于不吸烟者;天津市吸烟者蔬菜水果、食物种类、奶豆类DBI_16评分低于不吸烟者,纯能量食物及调味品评分高于不吸烟者;天津市吸烟者DQD-DBI、正端分、负端分中位数分别为42.0、14.0、29.0,均高于不吸烟者,主要问题是中度摄入不足(67.0%)、低度摄入过量(70.9%)、中度摄入不均衡(67.2%);吸烟者血尿酸高于不吸烟者,在DQD-DBI“非适宜”情况下,吸烟者血尿酸亦高于不吸烟者。结论天津市吸烟成年人膳食不均衡情况比不吸烟者更显著,且血尿酸明显高于不吸烟者,应有针对性地加强对吸烟人群的膳食营养宣传教育与干预。

Objective Diet balance index(DBI_16)was used to evaluate the dietary status of smoking adults in Tianjin,and the relationship between DBI_16 and serum uric acid was analyzed.Methods A total of 1478 inhabitants aged 18 and above were enrolled.The dietary status was obtained with a 3-day dietary recall and condiment weighing method.And their fasting venous blood was collected to detect uric acid.Food intake and DBI_16 scores of smokers and non-smokers were described,and the relationship among smoking,diet quality distance(DQD-DBI),and serum uric acid was analyzed.Results The intake of vegetables,fruits,and milk of smokers in Tianjin was lower than while the salt,oil,cereals,and aquatic products were higher than that of non-smokers.The DBI_16 scores of vegetables and fruits,food types,milk,and beans of smokers were lower than those of non-smokers in Tianjin,and the scores of pure energy foods and condiments were higher than those of the non-smokers.The DQD-DBI,high bound score and low bound score of smokers in Tianjin were 42.0,14.0,and 29.0 respectively,which were all higher than those of non-smokers.The main problems appeared as moderately inadequate intake(accounting for 67.0%),low,excessive intake(accounting for 70.9%),and moderate imbalance of intake(accounting for 67.2%).The serum uric acid of smokers was higher than in the non-smokers,and there the same result appeared under the conditions of"not suitable"in DQD-DBI.Conclusions In Tianjin,the dietary imbalance was more evident in smokers than the non-smokers,and the serum uric acid was significantly higher than the non-smokers.Strategies as strengthening the nutrition education and intervention targeted for smokers were in urgent need.