中国与主要贸易国水产品中农药残留限量标准对比分析

Comparative analysis of pesticide residue limit standards in aquatic products between China and major trading countries

中国是水产品生产和消费大国,近年来,为有效控制水产养殖过程中的病虫害,部分农药被作为除藻剂、杀虫剂等大量应用于养殖生产中,导致水产品中农药残留超标事件频发。农药最大残留限量(maximum residue limit,MRL)标准是国际水产品贸易的主要技术性手段和市场准入门槛,也是各国构建贸易壁垒的主要措施。为进一步完善中国水产品农药残留限量标准体系,增强中国水产品农药使用的规范性,提高中国水产品质量安全水平和国际竞争力。本文比较了中国、美国、日本、欧盟(European Union,EU)和国际食品法典委员会(Codex Alimentarius Commission,CAC)等国家、地区及国际组织中水产品农药MRL标准,分析我国与主要水产贸易国、地区和组织在水产品农药MRL标准体系中的差异。针对中国水产品农药MRL标准中存在的问题,提出加强水产品中农药残留限量研究,进一步完善农药MRL标准、加强国际间水产品农药MRL交流等建议。

China is a major producer and consumer of aquatic products.In order to effectively control pests and diseases in aquaculture,some pesticides have been widely used as algicides and insecticides in aquaculture production,resulted in frequent occurrence of excess pesticide residues in aquatic products.The maximum residue limit(MRL)standards of pesticides are the main technical means and market access threshold for international aquatic product trade,and also are the main measures for various countries to build trade barriers.The objectives of this study were to further improve the standard system for residue limits of pesticides in aquatic products in China,enhance the standard ability of pesticide usage in aquatic products in China,and improve the quality and safety of China’s aquatic products and corresponding international competitiveness.This paper performed the comparison for MRL standards of pesticides in aquatic products in China,the United States,Japan,European Union(EU)and Codex Alimentarius Commission(CAC).And then analyzed the differences on MRL standard system of pesticides in aquatic products between our country and major trading countries.In view of the problems existing in China’s MRL standards for aquatic products,this article put forward some suggestions,such as strengthening the research on pesticide residue limits in aquatic products,further improving pesticide MRL standards,and strengthening the international exchange of pesticide MRL in aquatic products.