叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留及膳食暴露风险评估

Residue and dietary exposure risk assessment of pesticide in leaf vegetables

目的了解叶菜类蔬菜农药残留现状,并评估农药残留的膳食暴露风险。方法随机采集主要叶菜类样品682批,采用NY/T761—2008《蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨甲基酸酯类农药多残留的测定》方法检测105项农药残留,分析叶菜类蔬菜农药残留现状,并结合我国居民蔬菜消费情况,用每日允许摄入量和急性参考剂量分别对残留农药进行慢性和急性膳食暴露风险评估。结果叶菜类蔬菜合格率为98.97%,蔬菜检出率为6.74%,农药检出率为7.78%,超标率为1.03%。超标农药为水胺硫磷和毒死蜱。每日允许摄入量和急性参考剂量膳食暴露风险均远小于1。结论叶菜类蔬菜中各农药残留量风险均在安全范围内,农药残留的膳食暴露风险很小,水胺硫磷、毒死蜱是潜在的风险因子,应加强防患。

Objective To study the current situation of pesticide residues in leaf vegetables and assess the risk of dietary exposure of pesticides.Methods Total of 682 leaf vegetable samples were collected randomly,105 pesticide residues were detected according to the method of NY/T 761—2008 Determination of multiple residues of organophosphorus,organochlorine,pyrethroids and aminomethyl esters in vegetables and fruits,and the current situation of pesticide residues in leaf vegetables was analyzed.Based on the consumption of vegetables in China,the risk of chronic and acute dietary intake of pesticide residues was assessed byacceptable daily intakeand acute reference dose respectively.Results The qualification rate of leaf vegetables was 98.97%,the detection rate of vegetables was 6.74%,the detection rate of pesticides was 7.78%,and the over standard rate of pesticides was 1.03%.The over standard pesticides were thiamine and chlorpyrifos.The dietary risks of acceptable daily intake and acute reference dose were less than 1.Conclusion The safety risks of pesticide residues in leaf vegetables are all within the acceptable ranges,and the dietary exposure risks of pesticide residues are very small.Thiamine and chlorpyrifos are potential risk factors,and prevention should be strengthened.