“英特纳雄耐尔”的文本传布与象征意义--基于三十九份《国际歌》文本的考察

The Textual Circulation and Symbolic Meaning of“ying-te-na-xiong-nai-er”--A Study Based on the Investigation of 39 Texts of L’Internationale

《国际歌》是全世界无产阶级革命的标志性符号。1887年,欧仁·鲍狄埃在个人作品集中发表了《国际歌》的法文诗稿,虽与最初的手稿有所差异,但都是献给国际工人协会的赞美诗。1902年,柯茨将《国际歌》译为俄文,列宁称其为"全世界无产阶级的歌"。1920年以后,《国际歌》通过法、俄两国的不同路径传入中国,存在列悲、张逃狱、耿济之和郑振铎、瞿秋白、萧三和陈乔年等译本,其中瞿秋白首先采用了"英德纳雄纳尔"的音译,以此表示"世界大同的兆象"。《国际歌》在中国革命进程中扮演了重要角色,歌词的译介与传唱凝结了中国共产党人的集体智慧。1962年,《人民日报》公布了《国际歌》定本,并为之赋予国际共产主义理想的象征意义。

L’Internationale is the political symbol of proletarian revolution all over the world.In 1887,Eugène Pottier published the poem titled"L’Internationale"in his personal collection.Although there existed differences between the original manuscript and the published version,both of them were dedicated to the International Workingmen’s Association as a hymn.In 1902,L’Internationale was translated in Russian byА.Я.Коц.In Lenin’s opinion,L’Internationale was"the hymn to all the proletariat."After 1920,L’Internationale was introduced into China from both France and the Soviet Union,and there emerged two Chinese translations respectively by Lie Bei,Zhang Taoyu,Geng Jizhi and Zheng Zhenduo,Qu Qiubai,Xiao San and Chen Qiaonian,among whom,Qu Qiubai was the first person who transliterated the keyword"internationale"as"ying-de-na-xiong-nai-er"in Chinese.L’Internationale played an important role in Chinese revolution,with the translations of the lyric and their practical uses embodying the collective wisdom of the Chinese Communists.In 1962,People’s Daily published the official Chinese version of L’Internationale,and it was regarded as a symbol of international communism.