新型冠状病毒肺炎的公众认知、态度和应激反应调查

Public cognition,attitude and stress response to COVID-19

目的探讨大众群体对新型冠状病毒肺炎的认知、态度及在其背景下产生的应激反应状况。方法采用自行编制的公众对新型冠状病毒肺炎的认知和态度调查问卷、《应激(压力)反应量表(SQR)》,通过问卷星线上调查的形式开展问卷调查;采用SPSS 22.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析,应激反应得分组间比较采用t检验、t′检验和秩和检验。结果被调查者中,74.7%的人非常了解或比较了解该疾病;了解疾病途径主要是网络(31.6%);63.2%的人时刻关心关注疫情,主要关注疫情进展通报、自我预防措施和科学研究进展;针对疫情表达过担心和恐慌(t=5.21,P<0.001)、传播过防治知识(t=5.31,P<0.001)应激得分较高;对疫情是否对自己和家人造成了影响(总分H=32.34,P<0.001;心理H=24.49,P<0.001;躯体H=27.11,P<0.001;行为H=26.60,P<0.001)、对待感染者或武汉回来患者的态度(总分H=12.17,P<0.001;躯体H=13.22,P<0.001;心理H=9.46,P<0.001;行为H=9.48,P<0.001)对应激反应总得分与各维度得分均有影响。结论公众对新冠疫情的认知和关注度较高,态度积极;大众群体在网络平台上的互动、对新冠可能对家人造成的影响,以及对待感染者或武汉归来者的态度对应激反应有影响。

Objective To explore the public cognition,attitude and stress response to COVID-19.Methods The self-compiled public cognition and attitude questionnaire on COVID-19 and the stress response scale(SQR)were used to carry out the questionnaire survey with online Wenjuanxing.The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 statistical software,and t test,t′test,and rank sum test were used to compare the stress response between groups.Results Among the respondents,74.7%of them knew the disease very well or relatively well;the main way of understanding the disease was the network(31.6%);63.2%of them paid close attention to the epidemic,mainly the reports of the progress of the epidemic,self-prevention measures and scientific research;the stress scores of expressing concern and panic over the pandemic(t=5.21,P<0.001)and spreading prevention knowledge(t=5.31,P<0.001)were higher;the influence of the epidemic on oneself and his family(SR:H=32.34,P<0.001;FER:H=24.49,P<0.001;FPR:H=27.11,P<0.001;FBR:H=26.60,P<0.001),and the attitude towards the infected people or the patients who returned from Wuhan(SR:H=12.17,P<0.001;FER:H=13.22,P<0.001;FPR:H=9.46,P<0.001;FBR:H=9.48,P<0.001)had influence on the total score of stress response and the scores of each dimension.Conclusion The public cognition of and attention to COVID-19 is high,and their attitude is positive.The interaction of the public on the network platform,the possible influence on the family members of the new coronavirus,and the attitude towards the infected people or people returning from Wuhan have influence on the stress response.