《西涼建初籍》與魏晉時期的職役户籍

The Xiliang jianchu ji and the Special Service Household Registration in the Wei-Jin Period

學界對《西涼建初籍》的性質向有兵籍、吏兵籍、民籍諸説,對照新近公布的《前秦建元二十年籍》,可以明確其絶非民籍;隸屬於民政系統的吏户户籍與隸屬於軍事系統的兵户户籍也不可能混編在一起。《西涼建初籍》中的"大府吏"實際上是涼州都督府的軍事人員,"散"户當是因不符合徵發條件而被免除現役的兵户。魏晉時期除了集中居住的在營兵户外,還有一部分兵户與民户雜居,隸屬郡縣管理。《西涼建初籍》作爲專門的職役户籍,應該是敦煌行政機構編造的郡縣兵户户籍。

Scholars have given different visions to the nature of the Xiliang jianchu ji西涼建初籍(household register of the Jianchu period of Western Liang)—a soldier-household register,a lower official and soldier household register,a commoner-household register,and et al.By comparison to the recently published Qianqin jianyuan ji前秦建元籍(household register of the Jianyuan period of Former Qin),it can be clarified that Xiliang ji has no relation with the commoners,the household registration of the lower officials(civil administrative system)and soldiers(military system)cannot be mix-recorded in the same document.The Dafu officer actually is the military servant working at the area command in Liangzhou.The solitary household is supposed to be recorded in the soldier-household register,and meanwhile it has been exempted from military service,in that the family member(s)does not meet the requirements for recruitment.In Wei-Jin period,besides the centralized residential barracks households,the county governs parts of mixed residential soldier households and commoner households.In conclusion,Xiliang jianchu ji,as a special service household register,should be a county soldierhousehold register edited by Dunhuang administration.