象征人类学视域下苗族丧葬仪式的文化阐释

The Cultural Interpretation of the Funeral Ceremony of the Miao Nationality under Anthropological Vision

贵州省惠水县摆榜乡是一个典型的苗族聚居地,“嘎哈”丧葬文化是“摆榜苗”传统民俗文化系统中重要构成部分,蕴含苗族古老丰富的人生信仰;丧葬仪式从“构建仪式聚合空间”到“为‘君’笑舞”“为‘君’送行”实质是摆榜苗族古老人生观与神鬼观的具体观念呈现与仪式行为实践,一系列仪式行为和符号旨在帮助亡灵顺利由“此岸”走向“彼岸”,使亡灵由此完成从阳间结构过渡、转换入阴间结构,晋升为受子孙后辈供奉崇拜的祖灵。

Baibang Township in Huishui County is a typical Miao community.“Ga Ha”funeral culture is an important part of the traditional folk culture system of“Baibang Miao”,which contains the ancient and rich life beliefs of the Miao people.The essence of the funeral ceremony is the specific concept of the Miao ancient outlook on life and concept of ghosts,and a series of ritual acts and symbols are aimed to help the dead smoothly from the“present life”to the“other life”,so that the dead can complete the transition from the Yang structure to the Yin structure,and be promoted to an ancestor spirit worshipped by future generations.