超声振动辅助激光熔覆技术研究进展综述

State-of-Art Review on Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Laser Cladding

基于激光熔覆的高效表面改性与成形优势,引入超声能场克服其快速凝固导致的缺陷,已成为当前国内外的研究热点。研究表明,在施加超声振动后,激光熔覆层晶粒细化且可形成等轴晶,同时微裂纹及气孔缺陷显著抑制,硬度、耐磨性和抗氧化性等性能均得到改善。结合本课题组在超声振动辅助激光熔覆(ULC)技术领域的研究工作,考虑超声振动的特性,综述了国内外ULC技术的研究现状,重点分析了ULC技术原理、ULC技术中的超声振动装置与超声施加方式、ULC熔覆层的微观组织特征及性能表征,并展望了ULC技术的应用前景。

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser cladding(ULC),based on the advantages of efficient surface modification and forming of laser cladding,applies ultrasonic energy field to overcome the defects caused by rapid solidification.ULC has become a research hotspot at home and abroad.The research shows that after the application of ultrasonic vibration,the grains of the laser cladding layer are refined and equiaxed grains are able to be formed.Meanwhile,the microcracks and porosity defects are significantly inhibited,and the hardness,wear resistance and oxidation resistance are improved.Combined with the research results of our group in the field of ULC and considering the characteristics of ultrasonic vibration,the research status of ULC technology at home and abroad is reviewed.The principle of ULC technology,the ultrasonic vibration device and ultrasonic applying mode in ULC technology,the microstructure characteristics and performance of ULC cladding layer are analyzed emphatically.Furthermore,the application of ULC technology is prospected.