我国青霉素工业初建的困境与成就

Difficulties and Achievements in the Initial Construction of Penicillin Industry in China

新中国成立前,我国科学家就着手试制青霉素,以期大规模生产。1945年~1949年,中央防疫处在北京天坛成立“盘尼西林室”,在青霉素生产过程中初步解决了关于发酵、原料、提炼等关键技术上的问题。同时,国民政府求助于美国的企业及研究机构筹备在上海建立一座包括生产青霉素在内的制药厂,但这一计划未能实现。从青霉素的生产技术进展和工厂建设两个方面对1945年~1949年我国青霉素放大生产过程中所取得的成就和所遇困难进行了历史研究,并认为这个时期我国的青霉素试制工作为之后实现工业化生产奠定了基础。

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China,Chinese scientists began to produce penicillin on a trial basis with a view to mass production.From 1945 to 1949,Central Epidemic Prevention Office established the"penicillin workshop"at the Temple of Heaven in Beijing,which initially solved the problems of fermentation,raw materials,extraction and other key technologies in the production of penicillin.At the same time,the Nationalist Government turned to American companies and research institutions to prepare for the establishment of a pharmaceutical plant in Shanghai,including the production of penicillin,but the plan failed to materialize.This article makes a historical study of the achievements and difficulties in the process of scale-up production of penicillin in China from 1945 to 1949 from two aspects:the development of penicillin production technology and factory construction,and holds that the trial production of penicillin in China during this period laid a foundation for the realization of industrial production later.