气候变暖对格尔木地区农作物种植结构的影响

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE WARMING ON CROP PLANTING STRUCTURE IN GEERMU AREAS

利用格尔木地区格尔木、小灶火2个气象站1961~2015年气温、积温及农作物种植面积数据,分析了气温、积温及农作物种植面积变化特征,探讨了气候变暖对农作物种植结构的影响。结果表明:55 a来格尔木地区气温和积温呈显著增加趋势,升温倾向率为0.6℃/10a,≥0℃、≥5℃、≥10℃的积温增加倾向率达125.6~167.8℃/10a。粮食和油料作物种植面积呈减少趋势,减少倾向率分别为404.0 hm^(2)/10a、1.2 hm^(2)/10a;枸杞等其它作物种植面积呈增加趋势,增加倾向率为595.0 hm^(2)/10a,其中粮食作物和枸杞等其他作物种植面积变化明显;分析原因,气温升高,气候变暖,热量资源增加,对农作物生长提供了丰富的热量资源,有利于农作物种植面积扩大和复种指数的提高,同时有利于特色农作物推广和种植,格尔木地区种植结构发生明显变化主要原因是气候变暖有利于产量高、经济效益明显的枸杞等特色农作物种植面积扩大所致,气温每升高1.0℃,粮食作物种植面积减少560.1 hm^(2),油料作物种植面积减少3.9 hm^(2),枸杞和藜麦等其它特色作物种植面积增加833.9 hm^(2)。

Based on the data of air temperature,accumulated temperature and crop planting area from 1961 to2015 at two meteorological stations in Golmud,the characteristics of air temperature,accumulated temperature and crop planting area were analyzed,and the influence of climate warming on crop planting structure was discussed.The results showed that the temperature and accumulated temperature in the planting area of Geermu had a significant increasing trend in the past 55 years,the warming trend rate was 0.6℃/10 a,≥0℃,5℃,10℃accumulated temperature trend rate was 125.6~167.8℃/10 a.The planting area of grain crops and oil crops showed a decreasing trend,the decreasing trend rates were 404.0 hm^(2)/10 a and 1.2 hm^(2)/10 a respectively,and the planting area of other crops showed an increasing trend,the increasing trend rate was 595.0 hm^(2)/10 a,the grain crop and other crop acreage change trend is obvious.The increase of air temperature and the warming of climate are the main reasons that affect the adjustment of agricultural planting structure,For every 1.0℃increase of air temperature,the area planted to grain crops decreases by 560.1 hm^(2)/,oil crops decreases by3.9 hm^(2),other crops increased by 833.9 hm^(2).