On the mesh resolution of industrial LES based on the DNS of flow over the T106C turbine

A high-order Navier-Stokes solver based on the flux reconstruction(FR)or the correction procedure via reconstruction(CPR)formulation is employed to perform a direct numerical simulation(DNS)and large eddy simulations(LES)of a well-known benchmark problem–transitional flow over the low-pressure T106C turbine cascade.Hp-refinement studies are carried out to assess the resolution requirement.A 4th order(p3)simulation on the fine mesh is performed with a DNS resolution to establish a"converged"solution,including the mean pressure and skin-friction distributions,and the power spectral density in the wake.Then LES on the coarse and fine meshes with lower order schemes are conducted to assess the mesh and order dependence of the solution.In particular,we study the error in the transition location,the mean skin-friction distribution,and the mean lift and drag coefficients.These h-and p-refinement studies provide a much-needed guideline in h-and p-resolutions to achieve a certain level of accuracy for industrial LES applications.