煤矿采空区瓦斯与煤自燃复合热动力灾害多场演化研究进展

Research advances about multi-field evolution of coupled thermodynamic disasters in coal mine goaf

我国是采空区复合热动力灾害最为严重的国家之一,探索采空区复合热动力灾害的演化规律对于灾害防治具有极其重要的意义。然而,目前对于复合热动力灾害各灾种间的耦合致灾机理、灾害演化规律、灾害信息探测与辨识等方面的认识尚不够深入,因此导致煤矿采空区复合热动力灾害的预防及治理尚缺乏有针对性的技术方法。基于此,探讨了我国采空区瓦斯与煤自燃复合热动力灾害发生的现状,分析了该领域的国内外最新研究进展,指出采空区瓦斯与煤自燃复合热动力灾害具有隐蔽性、耦合型、动态性、复杂性的主要特征,由此导致灾害表现出风险大、辨识难、预警难、防治难的特点。从国内外关于采空区复合热动力灾害多场演化规律的研究平台、多场耦合数学模型、气体体积分数场-温度场-风压场等多场耦合演化规律及其关键影响因素、灾害信息探测技术及采空区瓦斯与煤自燃复合热动力灾害的判别方法等角度,系统综述了采空区热动力灾害多场演化规律的最新进展。以此为基础,指出采空区复合热动力灾害亟需在多灾种间的互馈耦合作用机理、多场耦合动态演化规律、复合灾害的关键致灾因素及其临界指标、采空区复合灾害监测-预警-综合防控一体化理论与技术等方面展开进一步的深入研究与探索,研究结果将为采空区复合热动力灾害致灾机理和有效防治技术的研发提供参考。

China is one of the countries with the most serious goaf thermodynamic disasters of coal mine in the world.Investigation on the evolution laws of coupled thermodynamic disasters in the goaf is extremely important for disaster prevention and control.However, the coupling disaster mechanism among various types of compound thermal dynamic disasters, the law of disaster evolution, and the detection and identification of disaster information is currently not well understood.It leads to that there is still a lack of targeted technical methods for the prevention and treatment of compound thermal dynamic disasters in the coal mines goaf.In this study, the current situation of the occurrence of gas and coal spontaneous combustion coupled thermal disasters in the goaf in China were summarized in detail and the latest domestic and foreign research progress in this field were comprehensively analyzed.The author pointed out that the gas and coal spontaneous combustion coupled thermal disasters in the goaf have the characteristics of concealment, coupling, dynamics and complexity, which cause the disaster to be very dangerous, difficult in identification and forecasting, and difficult in prevention and control.The latest advances about the research platforms on the multi-field evolution law of the goaf, the multi-field coupling mathematical model, the multi-field coupling evolution law of gas concentrations-temperature-gas pressure, the disaster information detection technology and the identification method of the thermodynamic disasters in the goaf were systematically discussed.Based on these results, several difficulties urgently needed to be resolved were pointed out, that include the mutual feedback and coupling mechanism among the multi-hazards, the multi-field coupling dynamic evolution laws, the key hazards and critical indicators of the compound disasters and the compound disasters in the goaf, and the theory and technology about monitoring, forewarning, and comprehensive prevention and control methods.Present research results will provide some references for the investigation of the mechanism of coupled thermodynamic disasters in the goaf, and the research and development of effective prevention and control technologies.