基于SBM复合模型的铁路建设管理效率评价方法体系及实证研究

Research on the Methodology and Empirical for the"Going-Out"Project Management Effect Evaluation of Chinese Railway

当前国内铁路建设规模空前,然而鲜有研究对铁路工程建设的真实建设管理效率做出客观测评,也缺乏相关评价方法体系.基于层次分析法理论和超效率数据包络分析模型构建了铁路工程建设管理效果评价模型方法,并按成本管理、质量管理、进度管理、资源管理和安全管理五大维度建立了评价指标体系.基于典型铁路工程数据运用上述复合方法体系分别测算了各项目在五维度的管理效率,并根据层次分析法确定各维度权重值,完成了各决策单元总效率的综合计算与评价分析.取得了如下研究结论:提出了一种可用于量化综合评价铁路建设管理实施效率的判别方法体系,并实证分析了典型铁路建设效率,发现在三类效率层面,各项目在加权综合效率及纯技术效率层面数值离散程度较高,呈阶梯型广泛分布于不同区间,但绝大多数项目规模效率集中分布在(0.75,0.95)小区间内,且均值相对较高(0.83),继续提升空间有限;考虑纯技术效率与综合效率存在相关系数高达0.98的正向相关性,因而提高综合效率的关键在于通过提高管理技术水平来提高纯技术效率;五维度间对比分析发现,高效梯队铁路项目在五大维度的效率分布均衡且不存在短板,低效项目的共性则是在五个维度之间效率分布严重失衡;低效梯队各维度平均投入冗余率排序为:资源> 质量> 进度> 安全> 成本,其中资源和质量两维度投入冗余水平显著偏高,从治理冗余、提高效率的角度应予以重点改善;上述两维度中投入冗余显著偏高的指标同为"工程参建人员总数"和"铁路工程建设总投资"两项,其中前者作为人力资源组织要素对铁路建设过程影响重大,属于提高综合效率的核心优化指标.

Currently the construction scale of domestic railway is quite large,however,there is hardly any relevant study which makes objective appraisal for the real management efficiency against such performance,and also there are lack of relevant appraisal methodologies.Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and Super Slack Based Model(SBM),this paper created a specific model for evaluating the construction efficiency of railway projects,and established an evaluation index system in five dimensions inclusive of costs management,quality management,progress management,resource management and safety management.Based on collection of typical railway construction projects the aforesaid comprehensive methodology is utilized for calculating the respective efficiencies in the five dimensions of all target projects,and the comprehensive calculation and evaluation analysis for all projects are accomplished according to the weight value obtained through AHP model.The following conclusions are achieved in this research:a judging methodology system was proposed to utilize for comprehensive efficiency evaluation of railway construction management,and empirical analysis was conducted for the actual implementation efficiencies of typical railway project.It came out that in respect of the three types of efficiencies,the weighted value of Overall Technical Efficiency(TE)and Pure Technical Efficiency(PTE)for all projects show high degree of dispersion and distribute in different ranges by echelon form,however,vast majority of the values of Scale Efficiency(SE)are concentrated and distributed in a rather narrow range of(0.75,0.95)while their average value is rather high(0.83)so that their space for further improvement is quite limited;Considering the PTE presents a rather high positive correlation with the TE with their coefficient of correlation as high as 0.98,thus the key for improving TE rests in increasing PTE by improving the management technology;it’s found through comparison between the five dimensions that there is almost no short end for the railway projects in high-efficiency echelon,while the common characters for the low-efficiency echelon is serious unbalance between their five dimensions;the order for average input redundant rate is that resource>quality>progress>safety>costs,and the indices with obvious higher input redundant for resource and quality dimension are"Total of staff participating the construction"and"Total investment for the railway project",among which the former index as an element of human resource organization shows substantial impact to the overall efficiency of railway construction,and it should be taken as the core index to optimize.