先进碳材料在钾离子电池中的应用

Application of Advanced Carbon Materials for Potassium-Ion Batteries

钾离子电池(KIB)因具有能量密度高、钾储量丰富以及成本低等优势,有望替代锂离子电池(LIB)成为新一代储能器件。在众多材料中,碳材料由于具有廉价易得、环保等优点被认为是极具潜力的KIB负极材料,然而其在充放电过程产生巨大的体积膨胀和结构变形令电池具有较低的可逆容量、较差的倍率性能及循环稳定性。为提高碳材料储钾能力,改善KIB性能,目前常采用掺杂杂原子、石墨层间距调控、碳结构和形貌设计等手段对碳材料进行改性。本工作综述了不同类型碳材料(石墨、石墨烯、硬碳、软碳和多孔碳)作为KIB负极的最新研究进展,对其面临的挑战及前景进行了讨论并展望了KIB的未来发展方向。

Potassium-ion batteries(KIB)are expected to replace lithium-ion batteries(LIB)as a new generation of energy storage devices due to their high energy density and abundant potassium resources.Carbon material is considered as a potential KIB anode material due to its low cost,easy availability and environment friendly.However,the development of carbon materials for KIB is restricted due to the presence of some problems(i.e.,huge volume expansion and structural deformation during intercalation/deintercalation process),thus leading to low reversible capacity,inferior rate performance,and poor cycling stability.In order to solve the problems and increase the KIB performance,some approaches were summarized,such as heteroatom doping,structural designing and so on.This review summarized recent research progress on different types of carbon anode materials for KIB,including graphite,graphene,hard carbon,soft carbon and porous carbon.In addition,the critical issues,challenges,and perspectives for the development of KIB were also proposed.